COMMUNICATION

Meaning : Meaning :
The word communication has been derived from the Latin world Communis which means common. Communication is the transfer of information from one person to another person. It is a way of reaching others by transmitting ideas, facts, thoughts, feelings, & values. So it involves 3 aspects: Information Two parties are involved An element of understanding

Definition : Communication is the process of passing information and understanding from one person to another - Keith Davis

Features / Characteristics :
Two or More Persons Exchange of Ideas Mutual Understanding Direct & Indirect Communication Continuous Process Use of Words as well as Symbols

PROCESS
SENDER

MESSAGE

ENCODING F E E D B A C K

MEDIA

DECODING

RECEIVER

MESSAGE

METHODS OF COMMUNICATION
ORAL COMMUNICATION:- In oral communication, both the parties i.e. sender & receiver exchange their ideas through oral words either in face-to-face communication or through electronic devices like telephones etc. MERITS:1. Easy Communication 2. Effective 3. Instant Feedback 1. Lack of proof 2. Lack of authenticity 3. Time consuming

DEMERITS:-

WRITTEN COMMUNICATION:This is in the form of letters, circulars, notes, manuals, house magazines etc. like oral communication, a part of total communication of an organization is in written form. MERITS:- 1. Authenticity 2. Proof for future reference 3. Communication to distance places DEMERITS:1. Costly 2. Overemphasis on formalization 3. Lack of secrecy

NON-VERBAL & PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION:-

It includes body movements, facial expressions, gestures etc. pictorial communication includes graphs, diagrams, charts, maps etc.

Barriers to Effective Communication

SEMANTIC BARRIER: Semantic is the science of meaning, as contrasted with phonetics, the science of sounds. Semantic barriers arise from limitations in the symbols with which we communicate. Some types of S.B. are:Symbols with different meanings Badly expressed message Faulty translation Un clarified assumptions Specialists / Technical language

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

EMOTIONAL OR PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIER: The meaning attached to a message depends upon the emotional & psychological status of both the parties involved. 1.Lack of attention 2.Poor retention 3.Distrust of communicator 4.Premature Evaluation

ORGANISATIONAL BARRIERS:-

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Organizational policies Organizational rules & regulations Status relationship Organizational facilities Complexity in organizational structure

PERSONAL BARRIERS:BARRIER IN SUPERIOR : Fear of challenge to authority Lack of confidence in subordinates BARRIER IN SUBORDINATE: Unwillingness to communicate Lack of proper incentives

Making the Communication Effective

Clarify ideas before communication Communicate according to the need of the receiver Ensure proper feedback Be a good listener Be aware of language, tone and content of message Consult others before Communication