AGROEKOLOGI:

PRINSIP-PRINSIP DAN STRATEGI MENUJU PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN

M. LUTHFI RAYES

REVIEW
Ekologi : ilmu yg mempelajari interaksi (hubungan timbal balik) antara organisme dg sesamanya dan interaksi antara organisme dg lingkungannya Satuan pokok ekologi adalah ekosistem

M. LUTHFI RAYES

FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

EKOSISTEM

Ekosistem : suatu sistem ekologi yg terbentuk oleh hubungan timbal balik antara makhluk hidup dg lingkungannya. Ekosistem merupakan suatu tatanan kesatuan secara utuh dan menyeluruh antara segenap unsur lingkungan hidup yg saling mempengaruhi. Komponen2 pembentuk ekosistem adalah:

Komponen hidup (biotik) Komponen tak hidup (abiotik)

M. LUTHFI RAYES

FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

Agro-ekologi
Agro-ekologi : ilmu yg mempelajari sistem pertanian dg menggunakan kaidah-kaidah ekologi. Tujuan agroekologi : mengkaji sistem pertanian dgn menggunakan kaidah ekologi 2 shg penerapan teknologi pertanian tidak merusak lingkungan PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN (SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE).

M. LUTHFI RAYES FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

Konsep Agroekosistem
Terjadi interaksi antara komponen pertanian Interaksi normal terjadi keseimbangan Timbul masalah bila tak seimbang interaksinya (homeostasis) terganggu Contoh : kekeringan, banjir, longsor, erosi, peledakan hama penyakit (wereng), mutasi tanaman (varietas), produktivitas tanah menurun, masyarakat petani tetap miskin

M. LUTHFI RAYES FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

Konsekuensi dr Pertanian yg tidak memperhatikan Masalah lingkungan

Hortikulura di lereng curam (Lampung)

Kopi monokultur di lereng curam (Lampung)

M. LUTHFI RAYES

FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

Polusi Air

Komponen Lingkungan Pertanian

Tanah Biota Tanah, Vegetasi Hewan/ternak Komponen iklim (Hujan, Radiasi mthr, dst) Nutrisi/pupuk Pestisida Sungai, Air Manusia Teknologi dst
FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

M. LUTHFI RAYES

MAKNA SAINTIFIK PERTANIAN

PERTANIAN TROPIKA
IKLIM

BiologiTanaman Teknologi : Bertanam

Memelihara

BUDIDAYA TANAMAN

AIR TANAH

Sarana produksi: Tanah/lahan Benih / bibit Air Pupuk Pestisida/Obat Tenaga Kerja

MANAJEMEN USAHATANI

ORGANISME

PANEN & PASCAPANEN

DINAMIKA & RAGAM

Penanganan Hasil ; Pengolahan; Pemasaran

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KEBERLANJUTAN
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PERMASALAHAN SERIUS dalam Pertanian

Semakin meningkatnya biaya dan ketergantungan thd input eksternal (bahan kimia dan energi) Semakin meningkatnya pencemaran air akibat pupuk dan pestisida

Semakin menurunnya produktivitas tanah akibat erosi tanah dan kehilangan (pencucian) hara dari tanah Semakin meningkatnya ancaman residu bahan agrokimia thd kualitas dan keamanan pangan
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FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN (SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE) ?

The word "sustain," from the Latin sustinere (sus-, from below and tenere, to hold), to keep in existence or maintain, implies long-term support or permanence.

M. LUTHFI RAYES

FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

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PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN = SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

Pertanian yg dapat berkembang scr tidak terbatas ke arah manfaat yg semakin besar bagi manusia, penggunaan sumberdaya yg lebih efisien, dan berkesetimbangan dg kondisi lingkungan yg sesuai utk manusia dan spesies lainnya.

Manfaat bagi manusia

Lingkungan yg sesuai bagi manusia & spesies lain

Penggunaan sumberdaya yg efisien

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FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

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3 ELEMEN PENTING PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN

Income Generation (menghasilkan pendapatan)

Food availability and consumption (Pangan dan bh konsumsi lain)

Natural Resource Conservation (Konservasi Sumberdaya Alam)

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Sustainable agriculture integrates 3 main goals: (1) environmental stewardship, (2) farm profitability, and (3) prosperous farming communities.

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FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

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KONSEP LOW INPUT PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN

ECOLOGICAL FARMING BIOLOGICAL FARMING
REGENERATIVE FARMING

BIODYNAMIC FARMING

NATURAL FARMING

LOW RESOURCES FARMING

AGROECOLOGICAL FARMING ORGANIC FARMING

ECO-AGRICULTURE ECO-FARMING

ALTERNATIVE FARMING
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PRASYARAT BAGI PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN 1. Kualitas tanah tidak boleh rusak, topsoil tidak boleh
menipis

2. Sumberdaya air tersedia harus mampu memenuhi kebutuhan tanaman, tdk berlebihan & tdk kekurangan 3. Integritas biologis dan ekologis harus dilestarikan melalui berbagai upaya pengelolaan sumberdaya genetik, siklus hara, hama tanaman, dll 4. Sistem harus menguntungkan secara ekonomis 5. Ekspektasi sosial dan norma budaya harus dipenuhi, spt kebutuhan sandang dan pangan masyarakat
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PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN
Sustainable agriculture integrates 3 main goals: environmental stewardship, farm profitability, and prosperous farming communities. These goals have been defined by a variety of disciplines and may be looked at from the vantage point of the farmer or the consumer.

DESKRIPSI
Sustainable agriculture refers to the ability of a farm to produce food indefinitely, without causing severe or irreversible damage to ecosystem health. Two key issues are biophysical (the long-term effects of various practices on soil properties and processes essential for crop productivity) and socio-economic (the long-term ability of farmers to obtain inputs and manage resources such as labor).
M. LUTHFI RAYES FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

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PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN

As it pertains to agriculture, sustainable describes farming systems that are "capable of maintaining their productivity and usefulness to society indefinitely. Such systems... must be resourceconserving, socially supportive, commercially competitive, and environmentally sound."

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FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

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CIRI PENTING PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN

CROP ROTATION Field crop Legume Forage crop Prod. TERNAK: Pakan hijauan Pupuk kandang
Pest Control:
Biological control Pesticide treatment
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NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT

Pupuk Kandang/Kompos - Pupuk Hijau

Weed Control
Olah tanah Selective Herbicides
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KOMPONEN-KOMPONEN SISTEM PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN

Pengelolaan Kesuburan Tanah Pergiliran Tanaman Innovative Cropping Systems

Integrated Pest Management

Bioteknologi & Crop Breeding

Weeds Management

Conservation Tillage Feedcrop Management

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Animals Roles

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Sustainable agriculture refers to the ability of a farm to produce food indefinitely, without causing severe or irreversible damage to ecosystem health.

M. LUTHFI RAYES

FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

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Productivity and usefulness to society indefinitely

M. LUTHFI RAYES

FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

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PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN

Sustainable agriculture is one that produces abundant food without depleting the earths resources or polluting its environment. It is agriculture that follows the principles of nature to develop systems for raising crops and livestock that are, like nature, selfsustaining. Sustainable agriculture is also the agriculture of social values, one whose success is indistinguishable from vibrant rural communities, rich lives for families on the farms, and wholesome food for everyone. But in the rst decade of the 21 Century, sustainable agriculture, as a set st commonly of accepted practices or a model farm economy, is still in its infancy.
FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

M. LUTHFI RAYES

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PRODUKSI TANAMAN
RESIDU / LIMBAH TANAMAN

PUPUK KANDANG

TANAMAN PAKAN DALAM ROTASI

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PRODUKSI TERNAK FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

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PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN

Farming sustainably means growing crops and livestock in ways that meet three objectives simultaneously:

Economic profit Social benefits to the farm family and the community Environmental conservation

Sustainability can be observed and measured; indicators that a farm or rural community is achieving the three objectives of sustainability include: economic, social, environment

M. LUTHFI RAYES

FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

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PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN

Economic Sustainability

The family savings or net worth is consistently going up. The family debt is consistently going down. The farm enterprises are consistently profitable from year to year. Purchase of off-farm feed and fertilizer is decreasing. Reliance on government payments is decreasing.
FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

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The farm enterprises are profitable from year to year: Tumpangsari Pepaya dg padi gogo.
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PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN

Social Sustainability

The farm supports other businesses and families in the community. Money circulate within the local economy. The number of rural families is going up or holding steady. Young people take over their parents' farms and continue farming. College graduates return to the community after graduation.
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M. LUTHFI RAYES

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PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN

Environmental Sustainability

There is no bare ground. Clean water flows in the farm's ditches and streams. Wildlife is abundant. Fish are prolific in streams that flow through the farm.

The farm landscape is diverse in vegetation.

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FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

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The farm landscape is diverse in vegetation

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FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

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These specialty crops are not for everyone; only a certain number of hectares of land can be grown because of limited markets.

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FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

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Economic Sustainability
Selecting Profitable Enterprises to Ensure Economic Sustainability

Expanding organic markets suggest another possible niche. "Alternative" crops like herbs, mushrooms or guava may be an option. When we try to produce a single product such as corn, or groundnuts our risk is high because "all our eggs are in one basket."
When we integrate plant and animal agriculture we distribute overhead and risk among several enterprises.
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M. LUTHFI RAYES

FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

When we integrate plant and animal agriculture we distribute overhead and risk among several enterprises.

M. LUTHFI RAYES

FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

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Social Sustainability
Pengambilan keputusan usahatani berdampak langsung pd masyarakat sekitarnya. Misalnya, the decision to expand your operation requires the acquisition of your neighbor's farm.

M. LUTHFI RAYES

FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

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Social Sustainability
Keputusan sosial termasuk:
1. buying supplies locally rather than ordering from out of state, 2. figuring out ways to connect local consumers with your farm, 3. taking a consumer-oriented approach to production and management practices where both the farmer and consumer wins, 4. finding opportunities to ensure that neighboring communities can learn about sustainable food production.
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FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

Marketing strategies , direct marketing through farmers markets or road side stalls all have a positive impact on the local community.

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FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

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PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN
Social sustainability also includes the quality of life of those who work and live on the farm, including good communication, trust, and mutual support.

Full family participation in farm planning is an indication that the quality of life is high.
Talking openly and honestly, spending time together, a feeling of progress toward goals, and general happiness. Quality of life will be defined somewhat differently by each individual and family, based on their values and goals
M. LUTHFI RAYES FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

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PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN

Perencanaan & Pengambilan Keputusan

Managing for three objectives simultaneously (economics, society, environment) depends on clear goal-setting and effective decision-making. Several good tools for decision-making, goal-setting, and whole-farm management are available to farmers. It is useful to assume that if your plan will not work, then develop a system for determining (as soon as possible) if it isn't working. For example, if the goal includes increased biodiversity, the farmer needs to knowquicklyif the grazing or cropping system being used is actually increasing the number of plant species in the area of concern. Monitoring is particularly important in sustainable agriculture, which relies on natural systems to replace some of the work done by input products like fertilizer and pesticides.
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M. LUTHFI RAYES

FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN
Kemampuan mengevaluasi dan merencanakan-kembali sangat penting bagi petani guna keberlanjutan ushataninya When part of the plan is not working as intended, it becomes necessary to replan. The concept of planningmonitoring-controllingreplanning is a key characteristic of HolisticManagement and is referred to as the feedback M. LUTHFI RAYES FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA loop.

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PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN

The transition toward more sustainable farming requires not only planning and decision-making skills, but access to appropriate and helpful information. Fortunately, increased interest in sustainable agriculture has stimulated greater investment in research and education. As a result, much more usable information is available today than ever before, accessible through various means

M. LUTHFI RAYES

FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

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Environmental Sustainability
Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as ecosystem management of complex interactions among soil, water, plants, animals, climate, and people. The goal is to integrate all these factors into a production system that is appropriate for the environment, the people, and the economic conditions where the farm is located.

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FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

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PUPUK

Anorganik

Organik

ROTASI

TANAMAN
Gulma

KULTIVASI

Hama

Penyakit

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PESTISIDA UNIV BRAWIJAYA FAKULTAS PERTANIAN

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 Farms become and stay environmentally sustainable by imitating natural systemscreating a farm landscape that mimics as closely as possible the complexity of healthy ecosystems. The wastes of industrial agriculture (non-pointsource pollution) include suspended soil, nitrates, and phosphates in stream water, and nitrates and pesticides in ground water.

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FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

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PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN

Nature tends to function in cycles, so that waste from one process or system becomes input for another. Industrial agriculture, in contrast, tends to function in a linear fashion similar to a factory: inputs go in one end, and products and waste come out the other.

It is a premise of sustainable agriculture that a farm is a nature-based system, not a factory.

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1. A low dependence on external / purchased inputs 2. Menggunakan sumberdaya lokal yg renewable

3. Dampak lingkungan yg menguntungkan : on - farm & off - farm 4. Adapted to the existing local conditions 5. Long-term maintenance of productive capacity 6. Biological & cultural diversity 7. Knowledge of local inhabitants 8. Mencukupi kebutuhan barang domestik dan barang dapat diekspor.
M. LUTHFI RAYES FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

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SISTEM PERTANIAN SISTEM ALAMIAH

- Panen tanaman - Teknologi Pengelolaan - Pemupukan - Pengolahan tanah - Pengairan - Aplikasi agrokimia - Agroteknologi lainnya.
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FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN

The simpler we try to make agriculture, the more vulnerable we become to natural disasters and marketplace changes. When we try to produce a single product such as wheat, corn, or soybeans we are taking on huge risk. If instead we diversify crops and integrate plant and animal agriculture, overhead will be spread over several enterprises, reducing risk and increasing profit. Table 1 offers some comparisons between two models of agriculturefarming as an industrial factory and farming as a biological system.

M. LUTHFI RAYES

FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIV BRAWIJAYA

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