ABAP Discionary

ITC Infotech India Ltd
Overview of the ABAP Dictionary
Definition and functions of the ABAP Dictionary Basic objects of the ABAP Dictionary The Database Utility
What is a Data Dictionary?
Functions of the ABAP Dictionary
Data Integrity
No Redundant Data Definitions
Integration with the ABAP Workbench
Data Integrity
No Redundant Data Definitions
Integration with the ABAP Workbench
Basic Objects of the ABAP Dictionary

Table A Table B Table C
Data Element 1
Data Element 2
Domain
Database Utility
Database Database Utility
ABAP Dictionary Objects

Tables Data Elements Domains Using a Table in an ABAP Program
Accessing the ABAP Dictionary
Basic Objects of the ABAP Data Dictionary

Table A Table B Table C
Data Element 1
Data Element 2
Domain
Tables
TABLE KNA1 (Customers)
Table: KNA1 MANDT KUNNR Name 1 ORT 02
Create a Table
Maintain delivery class Enter a description (short text).
Maintain field attributes in Fields tab
Table maintenance attribute
Two-Level Domain Concept

Data Element 1 Data Element 2
Domain
Data Elements
Table A Table B
Data Element 1
Pre-Defined Data Elements
Data Element Documentation
Create Data Element name. Enter a description (short text). Enter domain
Maintain field labels and column headers in the Field Label tab
Domains
Table A
Data Elements
Domain
Characteristics of Domains
Table A
Data Elements
Domain
Allowed Values
Domain Domain
January February
Value Table
March . . . . . . . December
Benefits of Using Allowed Values
valid values
invalid values
Create a Domain
Enter a description (short text).
Enter data type and length.
Explicit Values, Intervals or a value table may be entered In the Value range tab
Using a Table in Program Code

TABLES: YEMPLOY. SELECT * FROM YEMPLOY. WRITE: / YEMPLOY_ID YEMPLOY_NAME YEMPLOY_SALARY ENDSELECT.
Foreign Key Relationships

Definition & Uses of Foreign Keys Prerequisites for Constructing Foreign Key Relationships Key Terminology Cardinality and Foreign Key Field Types Foreign Keys with Multiple Fields
Definition of Foreign Keys
Uses of Foreign Keys

Maintain data integrity Provide help texts Create aggregate dictionary objects
Prerequisites for Constructing Foreign Key Relationships

The foreign key field and the primary key of the check table must share the same domain. A value table must exist for that domain.
Foreign Keys: Key Terminology

Value Table
Check Table
Foreign Key Table
Foreign Key Terminology: Check Table = Value Table
Check Table
Value Table
Foreign Key Terminology: Check Table Value Table
Check Table
Value Table
Establishing a Foreign Key Relationship in the ABAP Dictionary
Cardinality
n : m
1
C 1 C N CN
Foreign Key Field Type

Check Table: Students Foreign Key Table: Course Enrolment
Course Enrolment
STUDENT_ID
Foreign Key Type: Key Fields or Key Field Candidates
Faculty
Course
Foreign Key Type: Key Fields of a Text Table

T005 (Country Codes) T005T (Country descriptions) (T002) (Language Codes)
Foreign Key Type: Non-Key Field Candidates

Professor
Course
Creating a Foreign Key Relationship
Foreign key push-button
Maintaining a Foreign Key Relationships Attributes

Enter a description (short text).
Check table (defaults to value table)
Maintain foreign key type
Maintain cardinality n : m
Foreign Keys with Multiple Fields
Field-By-Field Assignment
Foreign Key Table Check Table
Partial Foreign Keys
Constant Foreign Keys
Changing the Field Assignment
Generic foreign key Constant foreign key
ABAP Dictionary Tables in Relational Databases

SAP Table Types Technical Settings Indexes
SAP Table Types
Transparent Table (TRANSP)
Structure (INTTAB)
Pool Table
Cluster Table
View
Transparent Tables Type = TRANSP

Master Data
Table Types TRANSP in the Database

PROFILE
DB
Mapping a Table of Type INTTAB

PROFILE
DB
Pool and Cluster Tables: Overview

Pool Table Cluster Table
Technical Settings
Data class Master Transaction Organization & Customizing User Number of data records in DB storage
Size category
Buffering
Single records, generic, full, not buffered
Log data changes
on or off
Data Class
Transaction data
Organization and Customizing data
Master data
User data
DB
Size Categories
Buffering Type
Single Record
KF1 KF2 KF3 F4 F5 F6
Generic
Full
None
Logging
Maintaining Technical Settings
Index
Database Utility
DB
ABAP Repository Information System

The Repository Information System Object Searches (Find) Use of Objects in Objects (Where-Used) Searching for Objects Outside the Dictionary
ABAP Repository Info System: Typical Queries

ABAP Dictionary
Find (Object Search)

Find all objects of type A with attributes X, Y, Z.
Where-used lists Find all objects of type A that use object B
ABAP Repository: Initial Screen
Find: Selection Screen
Enter a single value for the search attributes or use the arrow push-buttons for selection options Use the All Selections pushbutton to limit search criteria on other object attributes
Selection Options
Simplified Selection (single values)
= > <
Equal Pattern Greater than or equal Less than or equal
Not equal Exclude pattern
> <
Greater than Less than
Toggle push-buttons
Complex Selection (ranges)
[]
Inclusive
][
Exclusive
Hit List Options: Standard Options
Hit List Options: Application Toolbar
Where-Used List: Selection Screen
List of all objects that object may be used in
Relationship between Objects Where-Used and Sub-Objects Lists

Program
Table Data Elements Domains
Screen
ABAP Repository Info System

Modeling
ABAP Dictionary
Programming
Environment
ABAP Dictionary Changes

Activation Data Consistency and Conversion Version Management Miscellaneous Changes
Activation
Data Object
ABAP Dictionary Activation Icon
Mass Activation
Online
Background
Table Activation
Screen Painter
ABAP Programs
? Consistency
Checks?
Log Entries
Updates
Database Utility
Online vs. Background
Log File
DB
Change Key of Value Table

Tables YANGIE1 YEMPLOY YZIPCODES Value Table
1 1 9 9 7 7 0 0 2 2
Domain YZIP
NUMC 10
Versions
Version Management
modified (revised) version
active version
temporary versions
Version Management
Display
Compare
Retrieve stored version of object
REMOTE compare
Locks on Dictionary Objects
SPDD Transaction
ABAP Dictionary Objects: Views

Definition Relational operations Types of views Using a view in program code
What is a View?
The Most Basic Form of a View
The Relational Operations

Projection Table 1 Selection Table 2 Join Table 3 Table 4
View A View B
View C
The Projection Operation

Projection
Table 1
View A
Specifying Projected Fields

Indicate actual name of table field that holds that data.
Can use any name if database view, otherwise must be same name as table field.
The Selection Operation

Selection Table 2
Example: Staff Level <= 3

View B
Specifying Selection Criteria

Can include unprojected fields
The Join Operation

Join
Table 3 Table 4
View C
The Necessity of the Join Operation

Employee ID Salary Name Salary 1 Salary 2 Salary 3
ID
5579 5579 5579 5579
Name
Smith Smith Smith Smith
Salary
$10,000.00 $11,000.00 Wrong $12,000.00 $13,000.00
Understanding the Join Operation

Employee ID Salary ID 5579 5579 5579 5579 Salary $10,000.00 $11,000.00 $12,000.00 $13,000.00 Date Effective 10/1/91 10/1/92 Right 10/1/94 10/1/96 Name
The Join Operation and Foreign Keys

Primary
Table 3
Join
Secondary
Table 4
View C
Specifying Joined Fields

Indicate base tables that data will come from.
Hit button to see related tables and automatically generate join conditions.
Types of Views in the ABAP Dictionary

Database View Projection View Help View Maintenance View
The Database View

Database View
DB
Database
The Projection View

Projection View
Database vs. Projection Views

Projection View Database View
Other Types of Views

Help View Maintenance View
Using a View in Program Code

TABLES: YXXEMP_V.
SELECT * FROM YXXEMP_V. WRITE:/ YXXEMP_V-EMP_ID YXXEMP_V-LAST_NAME, YXXEMP_V-FIRST_NAME.
ENDSELECT.
Overview of Search Helps

Benefits of Search Helps Elementary Search Helps Collective Search Helps Search Help Exits
The Benefits of Search Helps

What was Smiths vendor number, anyway?
F4
Elementary vs. Collective

Collective Search Help
E l e m e n t a r y 1
Field H Field B Field K
Field Z
Field O
Field A
Field R Field X Field B Field O Field Q
Creating an Elementary Search Help

1
5 2 3 4
Create search help from Dictionary pushbutton on workbench, or from within Repository Browser.
Defining an Elementary Search Help
Interface Parameters
Defining an Elementary Search Help - Interface Parameters

Parameters for values you want to send and receive Parameter is display only Data element associated with parameter Declaration of parameters as import and/or export
Position parameter will be on hit list
Position parameter will be on dialog box
Optional default for parameter
Assigning an Elementary Search Help - Priority Levels
Using Elementary Search Helps

F4
Defining a Collective Search Help - Interface
Notice there is no selection method. A collective search help is a set of one or more elementary search helps.
Defining a Collective Search Help Adding Elementary Search Helps
Dont forget to assign parameters for each elementary search help.
Using a Collective Search Help
F4
Search Help Exits

Function Module with ABAP code
_________ ______ _______ ______ _____ _____
Search Help Processing
Online Help & Documentation

Documentation for Dictionary objects F1 help F4 help Data element documentation/ supplemental documentation
Online Help & Documentation

F1: Field Help DE doc. DE supp. doc. Other documentation: Tables Structures Domains
F4: Possible Input Values
Data Element Documentation
Table THLPF
Program Screen Table/field No entry necessary DE Supplement number
Create Documentation through F1 or Screen Painter

From Plain F1 From DE Doc. From DE Doc. or from DE Supp. Doc. if DE Supp. Doc. is maintained
Type Groups
ABAP Editor ABAP Editor PROGRAM 123.
PROGRAM ABC.
ABAP Editor PROGRAM XYZ.
TYPE-POOL . . .
TYPE-POOL . . .
TYPE-POOL . . .
TYPE GROUP
ABAP Dictionary
Type Group - Use in Programs

ABAP Dictionary ABAP Editor
ABAP Program Run-Time Selection Screen

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ITC Infotech India Ltd

Overview of the ABAP Dictionary

ITC Infotech India Ltd

What is a Data Dictionary?

ITC Infotech India Ltd

Functions of the ABAP Dictionary

No Redundant Data Definitions

Integration with the ABAP Workbench

ITC Infotech India Ltd

ITC Infotech India Ltd

No Redundant Data Definitions

ITC Infotech India Ltd

Integration with the ABAP Workbench

ITC Infotech India Ltd

Basic Objects of the ABAP Dictionary

ITC Infotech India Ltd

Database Database Utility

ITC Infotech India Ltd

ABAP Dictionary Objects

ITC Infotech India Ltd

Accessing the ABAP Dictionary

ITC Infotech India Ltd

Basic Objects of the ABAP Data Dictionary

ITC Infotech India Ltd

Table: KNA1 MANDT KUNNR Name 1 ORT 02

ITC Infotech India Ltd

Maintain field attributes in Fields tab

Table maintenance attribute

ITC Infotech India Ltd

Two-Level Domain Concept

ITC Infotech India Ltd

ITC Infotech India Ltd

Pre-Defined Data Elements

ITC Infotech India Ltd

Data Element Documentation

ITC Infotech India Ltd

ITC Infotech India Ltd

ITC Infotech India Ltd

ITC Infotech India Ltd

ITC Infotech India Ltd

Benefits of Using Allowed Values

ITC Infotech India Ltd

Enter data type and length.

ITC Infotech India Ltd

Using a Table in Program Code

ITC Infotech India Ltd

Foreign Key Relationships

ITC Infotech India Ltd

Definition of Foreign Keys

ITC Infotech India Ltd

Uses of Foreign Keys

ITC Infotech India Ltd

Prerequisites for Constructing Foreign Key Relationships

ITC Infotech India Ltd

Foreign Keys: Key Terminology

Foreign Key Table

ITC Infotech India Ltd

Foreign Key Terminology: Check Table = Value Table

ITC Infotech India Ltd

Foreign Key Terminology: Check Table Value Table

ITC Infotech India Ltd

Establishing a Foreign Key Relationship in the ABAP Dictionary

ITC Infotech India Ltd

ITC Infotech India Ltd