PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

Profession free act of commitment to a way of life professed activity of a person who had taken the monastic vows of a religious order the act of professing the occupation which one professes to be skilled in and to follow

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
Profession A vocation in which professed knowledge of some branch of learning is used in its application to the affairs of others, or in the practice of an art based upon it.

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
Characteristics of Professions Entrance into a profession typically requires an extensive period of training, and this training is of an intellectual character. Professionals knowledge and skills are vital to the well-being of the larger society

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
Characteristics of Professions Professions usually have a monopoly or near monopoly on the provision of professional service. 1. Profession convinces the community that only those who have graduated from a professional school should be allowed to hold the professional title.

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
Characteristics of Professions Professions usually have a monopoly or near monopoly on the provision of professional service. 2. A profession often attempts to persuade the community that there should be licensing system for those who want to enter the profession.

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
Characteristics of Professions Professionals often have an unusual degree of autonomy in the workplace. Professionals claim to be regulated by ethical standards, which are usually embodied in a code of ethics.

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
Professional Ethics A set of standards adopted by professionals insofar as they see themselves acting as professionals.

Personal Ethics The set of ones own ethical commitments, which are usually acquired in early home or religious training and often modified by later reflection.

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
Common Morality The set of moral ideas shared by most members of a culture or society.

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
Ethics 1. It refers to moral values that are sound, actions that are morally required (right) or morally permissible (all right), policies and laws that are desirable. Engineering ethics consists of the responsibilities and rights that ought to be endorsed by those engaged in engineering, and also of desirable ideals and personal commitments in engineering.

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
Ethics 2. Ethics is the study of morality. It studies which actions, goals, principles, policies, and laws are morally justified.

Engineering ethics is the study of the decisions, policies, and values that are morally desirable in engineering practice and research.

ENGINEERING ETHICS
Engineering Ethics The study of the moral values, issues, and decisions involved in engineering practice (Schinzinger and Martin, 2000). Morality Encompasses the first-order beliefs and practices about good and evil by which we guide our behavior. Ethics The second-order, reflective consideration of our moral beliefs and practices (Hinman, 2003).

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
Engineering Ethics as Preventive Ethics It tries to anticipate possible consequences of actions and in such a way that more serious problems are avoided later. Two Dimensions of Preventive Ethics 1. Engineers must be able to think ahead in order to anticipate possible consequences of their actions as professionals. 2. Engineers must be able to think effectively about those consequences and decide what is ethically right.

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
Engineering Ethics as Preventive Ethics It tries to anticipate possible consequences of actions and in such a way that more serious problems are avoided later. Two Dimensions of Preventive Ethics 1. Engineers must be able to think ahead in order to anticipate possible consequences of their actions as professionals. 2. Engineers must be able to think effectively about those consequences and decide what is ethically right.

VALUES
Walter Goodnow Everett classified values into the following eight categories; (1) economic values, (2) bodily values, (3) value of recreation, (4) value of association, (5) character values, (6) aesthetic values, (7) intellectual values, (8) religious values.

VALUES
Values can be classified as follows by their qualities; (1) individual values and social values, (2) natural values and artificial values, (3) physical values and mental values, (4) instrumental values and intrinsic values, (5) temporary values and permanent values, (6) exclusive values and universal values, (7) lower values and higher values, (8) unproductive values and productive values,

VALUES
Values can be classified as follows by their qualities;

(8) unproductive values and productive values, (9) active values and inactive values, (10) personal values and impersonal values, (11) theoretical values and practical values, (12) relative values and absolute values

HIERARCHY OF VALUES
M. Scheler(1874-1928) presented the following five principles in deciding the rank of values; 1. The longer the value lasts, the higher it is. For example, while the value of pleasure lasts for the duration of the feeling of pleasure, the mental value remains after the disappearance of the circumstances. (timelessness);

HIERARCHY OF VALUES
M. Scheler(1874-1928) presented the following five principles in deciding the rank of values; 2. The harder it is to reduce the quality of the value as its carrier (Werttrager) divides or the harder it is to increase the quality of the value as its carrier enlarges, the higher the value is. For example, while the value of material goods reduces as the goods divide, the value of mental goods is indivisible and not related to the number of people concerned. (indivisiblity);

HIERARCHY OF VALUES
M. Scheler(1874-1928) presented the following five principles in deciding the rank of values; 3. The higher value becomes the base for the lower value. The fewer other values the value has as its base, the higher it is.(independence);

HIERARCHY OF VALUES
M. Scheler(1874-1928) presented the following five principles in deciding the rank of values; 4. There is an intrinsic relationship between the rank of the value and the depth of satisfaction from its realization. In other words, the deeper the satisfaction connected to the value is, the higher the value is. For example, the physical satisfaction is strong but shallow. On the contrary, the satisfaction from artistic meditation is a deep experience. The depth of satisfaction is not related to its strength. (depth of satisfaction);

HIERARCHY OF VALUES
M. Scheler(1874-1928) presented the following five principles in deciding the rank of values; 5. The less the sense of the value is related to the existence of its carrier, the higher the value is. For example, the value of pleasure has significance in relation to the sense of sensuality. The value of life exists for those with the sense of life, but the moral value exists absolutely and independently from those who feel it. (absoluteness).

HIERARCHY OF VALUES
In accordance with the above principles, Scheler classified the values into the following four categories(from the bottom to the top); (1) the value of pleasure and displeasure(the emotional value), (2) the value of the sense of life(and welfare as a subsidiary value to it), (3) the mental value(perception, beauty, justice), (4) the value of holiness.