BIONIC HAND

Presented by, Prathibha Saseedharan, Roll No: 59 S6 BME

CONTENTS.
Prosthetics. Orthotics What is bionic hand? Bioprosthesis of hand. Block diagram. Features of I-LIMB

Prosthetics
"There is something dignifying and humanising about being able to stand up and walk."
Olivia Giles, co-founder of 500miles, a charity to support amputees and other disabled people in developing countries. (The
Independent, UK, 25 March 2008)

See: http://www.500miles.co.uk/index.html

Vietnam Veterans of America Foundation, 2002

The Independent, UK, 25 March 2008

Sydney Morning Herald, 18 May 2008

Orthotics

Atlanta Prosthetics & Orthotics, Inc, 2009

Prosthetics & Orthotics

Science & art involving treatment using Prosthesis

Artificial limb

Orthosis
External device

Aim to improve function

Family & home life Work & community life Sport & leisure activities

Prosthetics
Pre & post amputation treatment Provision of limb prosthesis (artificial limb)

Above: Limb following amputation Right: Transtibial amputee surfing

Prosthetics
Many of the prostheses fitted in Australia are fitted to older people who have poor blood circulation Prostheses are also provided for children, young and middle aged amputees

NCPO student performing initial fitting of a transtibial prosthesis

Orthotics
Orthoses or braces are fitted to people with musculoskeletal weakness, or after an injury Many orthoses are custom made for the individual person

Fitting a Knee Ankle Foot Orthosis

What is bionic hand?

Bionics provide a scientific link between biology and technology. Their goal lies in the technical implementation of construction, process and development principles of biological systems. Imitation of natural movement processes and control of prostheses is the object of biological robotics.

Individually powered digits Myoelectric signal input to open and close fingers Cosmetic covering is available

i-LIMB Hand a fully articulating and commercially available prosthetic hand.

Offers a unique,control system that uses a traditional myoelectric signal input to open and close the hands life-like fingers. Myoelectric controls utilize the electrical signal generated by muscles in the remaining portion of a patients limb. This signal is picked up by electrodes that sit on the surface of the skin. Users of existing, basic myoelectric prosthetic hands are able to quickly adapt to the system and can master the devices new functionality within minutes.

Bioprosthesis of hand emerging reality

1. Electrode on efferent nerve; 2. Electrode on afferent nerve; 3. Implanted part for recording of nervous activity and nerve stimulation; 4. Efferent telemetric connection; 5. Afferent telemetric connection; 6. Bionic hand; 7. sensors; 8. Decoder of patients intentions and control of prosthesis; 9. Unit mediating the signals of sensors to the brain. 10. Subsystems 8-9 will be outside body but easy to carry.

The actual interface must be bidirectional, that is, it must include afferent and efferent tracts. This is currently possible via various implantable microelectrodes which create a direct contact with the peripheral nerve. The structural forms currently used include:

a) the cuff electrode, which is placed around the nerve like a cuff; b) the shaft electrode, which is inserted into the nerve; c) the sieve electrode, which is inserted between two nerve stumps which have a sieve from which the regenerating fibres sprout [5], and d) the thread electrode, which is drawn through the nerve longitudinally and is intrafascicular

The currently favoured structural form for human use is the thread electrode (tf-LIFE). Reasons for this include its relatively straightforward application, direct contact with the individual nerve fibres and resulting excellent selectivity, the degree of miniaturisation obtainable, the option of fixation to the nerve and resulting extremely low mechanical strain on the nerve not to mention its biocompatibility and long-term stability . The thread electrode is currently in preparation for first-time clinical use.

Block diagram of hand prosthesis.

Proprioceptive sensors for recording the hand position and hand movement, as well as exteroceptive sensors for realizing the hands sensory functions are required. Such sensors could be used for sensing the movement and position of individual fingers and the force they apply. These signals are also important for direct control of grasping movements. The sense of touch can be simulated using miniature touch sensors. Further sensors could be used for sensing temperature, the mechanical qualities of surfaces, etc. [4].

Telemetric data transmission represents an important interface between the technical biological interface and the actuators and sensors which are integrated into the actual prosthesis. This is the sole means for interaction between the implant and the external hand prosthesis. This means that the electrode and the electronics for signal preprocessing must be directly linked All of these individual components determine the options and particularly the acceptance of bionic hand prostheses to a significant degree.

i-LIMB Hand 2.0 The worlds first multi-articulating bionic hand.

FEATURES.

Four independent fully-powered articulating fingers Manually adjustable thumb Multiple grip patterns Utilizes standard myoelectric control Signals Product Variations Sizes: Regular, Small, and Low Profile Sides: Right and Left Connection: wrist connector or wrist disarticulation Color: Natural or Black

Specifications.

Application: amputations at or above wrist disarticulation for mild to medium activity level adults Carrying weight limit: 44 lbs Palmar force: 21 lbs Voltage: 7.4V Weight: Regular = 518g; Small = 508g; Low Profile = 450g Power Source: i-LIMB Lithium Ion battery pack Charging Time: 2-4 hours/day Warranty: 1 year (extended warranty available)

It costs US $18 500. And it can do things most other prosthetic hands just cant, like grabbing a paper cup without crushing it, turning a key in a lock, and pressing buttons on a cellphone.

For those patients who desire a more life-like appearance for the hand, Touch Bionics has partnered with some leading companies in the development of cosmesis for its products. ARTech Laboratories and LIVINGSKIN work at the forefront of high-definition cosmesis these companies are collaborating with Touch Bionics to offer patients a lifelike solution to compliment the life-like motions and performance of the hand.

References.
www.touchbionics.htm www.physorg.com