Professional Documents
Culture Documents
tutorial
Rx brain edema
ABCD
ซึมGCS < 8 ใส่ tube
Hyperventilation
Mannital
Restrict fluid
นอนหัวสูง 20-30° ไม่เอียงคอ
Rx in stroke
Ischemic
Thrombosis
Within 3 hrs →thrombolytic (t-PA)
Long term →ASA
Embolism
Anticoagulant →warfarin
Hemorrhagic
surgery : large, post fossa, cerebellum,IVH
2.Cause of dyspnea
CVS
RS
Musculoskeletal system
Psychiatric
Metabolic : Kussmaul’s respiration
Wide GAP metabolic acidosis ; SALUD
S = salicylic, starvation
A = alcoholic
L = lactic
U = uremic
D = diabetic KA
3.Chronic headache
4.Abdominal pain
Tertiary : hypothalamus
6.UGIB
Gastritis : NSAID, Alcoholic
Peptic ulcer : GU,PU
Variceal : EV, GV, DV
Sign of portal hypertension
Portosystemic collateral
Superficial v. dilate
EV, hemorrhoid
Splenomegaly & hypersplenism
ascites
7.Diabetic nephropathy
When to screening
Type 1 : 5 yrs after dx
Type 2 : once dx DM
What to screen
Spot UA first
Urine 24 hr for microalbumin if urine alb-
Repeat yearly
How to Rx
ACEI or ARB
Control BP keep < 130/80 or 125/75 if proteinuria > 1 gm/d
8.Occupational lung dz
Inorganic dust
Asbestosis : malignant mesothelioma
Silicosis : TB
Organic dust
Byssinosis : cotton, flax(ลินิน)
9.Acute coronary syndrome
Base on clinical ,EKG, cardiac enz
ACS
Myocardial infarction Myocardial ischemia
Rx acute attack
Colchicine : within 6-12 hr, S/E = diarrhea
NSAID : ระวัง contraindication ; อายุ แพ้ ไต หัวใจ
กระเพาะ
Steroid : intra-articular (mono), systemic (poly)
Allopurinal** : กรณียังไม่เคยได้ ห้ามให้ขณะมี acute
attack
17.Wheezing
Asthma
Dx
Asthma
Test
Asthma
Rx acute exacerbations
Inhaled beta agonists ± anticholinergics
MDI(4 puff via spacer)
Nebulizer 1 NB q 20 min x 3
Systemic corticosteroids
If not respond initially
Prednisolone 2*3 short course
Females Males
Hemoglobin (g/dl) 12 - 16 13 - 17
Hematocrit (%) 36 - 48 40 - 52
Red blood cells (x 106/ul) 4.0 - 5.4 4.5 - 6.0
Mean cell volume (MCV ; fl) 80 - 95 80 - 95
แบ่งชนิด Anemia ตาม
Onset
Acute anemia ( ภายใน 1 สัปดาห์ )
Acute blood loss
Acute hemolysis
Chronic anemia
Iron def. anemia, megaloblastic anemia
Anemia of chronic disease, CRF
Primary marrow disorders
Thalassemia, PNH
Hemolytic anemia
Intracorpuscular defects
Hereditary
A : FVIII , B : FIX
X-linked recessive inheritance
Sex of affected : males only usually
All affected males must be related through
female relatives
X-linked recessive
inheritance
พ่อเป็ นโรค
X’Y XX
X’X X’X XY XY
แนะนำาให้มีลูกชาย
แม่เป็ นพาหะ
X’X XY
X’X X’Y XX XY
แนะนำาให้มีลูกสาว
25.Melioidosis