MLT 2107

DENGUE

Contents
1. What is dengue fever 2. Symptoms of dengue fever 3. Characteristics of the Aedes mosquito 4. Life cycle of the Aedes mosquito 5. How the Aedes mosquito transmit diseases 6. How to prevent the spread of dengue fever 7. The 10-Mininute Mozzie Wipe-out Exercise

What is dengue fever?

Dengue Fever is an illness caused by infection with a virus transmitted by the Aedes mosquito.

Symptoms of Dengue Fever

Example of a skin rash due to dengue fever

Do you know

Dengue Fever (DF) and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) are the most common mosquito-borne viral disease in the world.

It can be fatal.

Dengue Virus
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Causes dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever It is an arbovirus Transmitted by mosquitoes Composed of single-stranded RNA Has 4 serotypes (DEN-1, 2, 3, 4)

The most common epidemic vector of dengue in the world is the Aedes aegypti mosquito. It can be identified by the white bands or scale patterns on its legs and thorax.

Characteristics of the Aedes Mosquito

One distinct physical feature black and white stripes on its body and legs. Bites during the day. Lays its eggs in clean, stagnant water.
Close-up of an Aedes mosquito

Do you know

Only the female Aedes mosquito feeds on blood. This is because they need the protein found in blood to produce eggs. Male mosquitoes feed only on plant nectar.

On average, a female Aedes mosquito can lay about 300 eggs during her life span of 14 to 21 days.

Life cycle of the Aedes Mosquito

1-2 days

Pupae

Larvae

Eggs

4-5 days

2-3 days

Stagnant water

How Do Aedes Mosquitoes Transmit Diseases...

Mosquito bites and sucks blood containing the virus from an infected person. And passes the virus to healthy people when it bites them.

Virus is carried in its body.

1.The virus is inoculated into humans with the mosquito saliva.

2.The virus localizes and replicates in various target organs, for example, local lymph nodes and the liver. 3.The virus is then released from these tissues and spreads through the blood to infect white blood cells and other lymphatic tissues. 4.The virus is then released from these tissues and circulates in the blood.

5.The mosquito ingests blood containing the virus. 6.The virus replicates in the mosquito midgut, the ovaries, nerve tissue and fat body. It then escapes into the body cavity, and later infects the salivary glands. 7.The virus replicates in the salivary glands and when the mosquito bites another human, the cycle continues.

There are actually four dengue clinical syndromes: 1. Undifferentiated fever; 2. Classic dengue fever; 3. Dengue hemorrhagic fever, or DHF; and 4. Dengue shock syndrome, or DSS. Dengue shock syndrome is actually a severe form of DHF.

Clinical Case Definition for Dengue Fever

Classical Dengue fever or Break bone fever is an acute febrile viral disease frequently presenting with headaches, bone or joint pain, muscular pains,rash,and leucopenia

Clinical Case Definition for Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

4 Necessary Criteria: 1. Fever, or recent history of acute fever 2. Hemorrhagic manifestations 3. Low platelet count (100,000/mm3 or less) 4. Objective evidence of leaky capillaries: elevated hematocrit (20% or more over baseline) low albumin pleural or other effusions

Clinical Case Definition for Dengue Shock Syndrome 4 criteria for DHF

+
Evidence of circulatory failure manifested indirectly by all of the following: Rapid and weak pulse Narrow pulse pressure (< 20 mm Hg) OR hypotension for age Cold, clammy skin and altered mental status Frank shock is direct evidence of circulatory failure

This is what you can do to help

Prevent Aedes from Breeding!

Remove ALL sources of stagnant water.

Deny the Aedes mosquito of any chance to breed.

10-Minute Mozzie Wipe-Out Exercise

Do the 10-Minute Mozzie Wipe-out everyday.

Change water in vases on alternate days.

Do the 10-Minute Mozzie Wipe-out everyday.

Remove water from flowerpot plates on alternate days.

Do the 10-Minute Mozzie Wipe-out everyday.

Turn over all pails and water storage containers.

Do the 10-Minute Mozzie Wipe-out everyday.

Cover bamboo pole holders when not in use.

Do the 10-Minute Mozzie Wipe-out everyday.

Clear blockages and put Bti insecticide in roof gutters monthly.

Unwanted items

Do not litter. Rubbish such as cups and bottles can collect rain water and breed mosquitoes.

Before you leave for holidays

Before you leave for holidays

Cover all toilet bowls in your home. Seal off the overflow pipe of the flushing cistern. Cover all gully/floor traps.

Add sand granular insecticide to places that mosquitoes could potentially breed, such as flower vases and places where stagnant water could not be removed.

Before you leave for holidays(Contd)

Clear blockages and add Bti insecticide in roof gutters. Turn over all water storage containers.

Ask a relative or close friend to check your home regularly for stagnant water if you are going away for a long period of time. Leave your contact with your neighbours or the neighbourhood police post/ centre so that you can be reached easily.

Spread the dengue prevention message to others

Let your family, friends and neighbours know about the dangers of breeding Mozzies!!