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PV System Sizing
Herb Wade Consultant
Solar PV Design Implementation O& M March 31- April 11, 2008 Marshall Islands
Contents
7-1. System Sizing
7. PV System Sizing
Sizing Process
Determine the load to be served in Wh/day Determine the available solar energy on at least a month by month basis Determine the types of equipment that will be used in the system so losses can be estimated Calculate the size of panel that will be needed to meet the required load under the worst month conditions. Calculate the size and type of battery that will be needed to provide needed reliability of power
We need to know:
The solar energy in kWh/m2/day at the site for the lowest solar energy month of the year. The average Wh/day required by the user to operate the desired appliances and any special needs for power that go much beyond the average. The losses that occur in the PV system that reduces the energy available to the user
Problem
4 lights of 11 watts each are installed. 1 light will operate 4 hours per day 3 lights will operate 2 hours per day 1 night light of 1 watt is installed Nightlight operates 10 hours/day 1 Radio of 10 watts is installed Radio operates 9 hours per day How many Wh/day will be needed by the appliances?
Wh/day that needs to come from the panel for systems with batteries
Wiring and connection losses about 10%
To calculate the Wh/d needed from the panel, multiply the load Wh/d times 1.3
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Calculating the panel generation factor (1) The lowest month kWh/m2/day value is the starting point. (Typically between about 5 and 6 kWh/m2/day)
This is the same total energy as would come from the sun shining at 1000 W/m2 each day for the number of hours equal to the kWh/m2/day figure.
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Suppose the lowest month solar has a daily average of 5.2 kWh/m2/day. That is equivalent to 5.2 hours of 1000 W/m2 sunlight every day. Each Wp of the panel would therefore deliver 5.2 Wh/day if all other conditions were perfect. The conditions are not perfect so we have to correct for the variations from standard conditions.
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Calculating the panel generation factor (4) To get the panel generation factor (Wh/day per Wp capacity) multiply the daily sun hours times 0.62.
For the example, that would be 5.2x0.62 = 3.22 Wh/Wp/day. That is, for every Wp capacity in the panel we can expect to get an average of 3.22 Wh/day during the lowest solar month
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Estimating the Wh/day that can be used for a particular size of panel
To determine the maximum appliance Wh/day that can be served by a particular size of panel: Multiply the kWh/m2/day times .62 to get the local generation factor Multiply the local generation factor times the Wp of the panel. This will give the estimated Wh/day from the panel Divide the estimated Wh/day from the panel by 1.3 to get the estimated appliance Wh/day that can be served by that panel
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Example
A 36 Wp panel is installed at a site having a low month solar value of 5.2 kWh/m2/day. What is the maximum Wh/day of appliance load that this panel can serve? Multiply 5.2 x .62 = 3.22 Multiply 36 x 3.22 = 116 Divide 116 by 1.3 = 89 Wh/day of appliance use is possible
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