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OBJECTIVES
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Communication - Mobile
Inter-Exchange Junction
BSC
Telephone Exchange
Mobile Switching Centre (MSC)
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BTS
MS
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WHAT IS A CELL ?
A base station (transmitter) having a number of
RF channels is called a cell Each cell covers a a limited number of mobile subscribers within the cell boundaries ( Coverage area) Typical Cell Radius Aprrox = 30 Km (Start up), 1 KM (Mature)
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A RADIO CELL
Voice Channels
Lines to BSC
Or control channels
MS
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Tel Ex.
WIRED NETWORK
BW for Telephony speech: 3KHz increases to 25 KHz with FM for Radio Trans. 100,000
50 Khz
= 5 Ghz
(NOT POSSIBLE)
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GSM Specifications
Carrier Separation 200 kHz
Duplex Distance
No. of RF Carriers Access Method Modulation Method Transmission Rate
45 MHz
124 TDMA/FDMA GMSK 270.833 Kbps
Speech Coding
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890 25 MHz
0
915
1 Mobile to Base
890.2
890.4 890.6
(MHz)
935 25 MHz
0 1 Base to Mobile
935.2
935.4
960
2
935.6
200 kHz
45MHz
200 kHz
Amplitude
45 MHz
7 8 5 6 2 1 3 4 2 1 3 4 5 6 7 8
Frequency
F1 (Cell Rx)
F2
F2 F1 (Cell transmit)
FDMA/TDMA Scheme
TIME
BP2 BP1 BP8 BP7 BP6 BP5 BP4 BP3 BP2 BP1 890.0 890.2 890.4 890.6 890.8 891.0 891.2 RTTC MYSORE
BURST
F
R A M E FREQ
915.8 MHz
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GSM RF CHANNELS
LOGICAL CHANNELS
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OPERATIONAL CONCEPTS
Subscribers are not allocated dedicated channels TCH Allocated to users only when needed
Hence IDLE MODE & DEDICATED MODE DEDICATED MODE -- When a full Bi -directional P to P CHL has been allocated during an established call
Network Architecture
1 MSC=16 BSC 1 BSC=1024 TRU OSS
HLR
PSTN ISDN
B T S B T S
BSC BSC
A-bis interface
MSC VLR
A Interface
B T S
Data Networks
Air interface
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MSC VLR
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PLMN Service Area: It is one N/W area. MSC Service Area: There can many MSC/VLR in one PLMN
area.It is one Mobile Exch. Area.
GMSC: All I/C calls for PLMN N/W will be routed through
GMSC. In a GSM/PLMN N/W all mobile terminated calls will be routed to a Gateway MSC. Call connections between PLMNs , or to fixed N/Ws must be routed to a GMSC.The GMSC contains the Inter working functions to make these connections.
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I
MSC/VLR MSC/VLR
II
MSC/VLR
IV
MSC/VLR
III
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GSM
MSC Service Area
LA 1 LA 2
LA 3
LA 6 LA 4
MSC/VLR
LA 5
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GSM Cells
C1
LA 1
LA 2
LA 3
C2 C5 C6 C4
C3
C7
LA 6 LA 4 MSC/VLR LA 5
C = Cell
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Cell Location Area Area served by a BTS Location Area MSC Service Area PLMN Service Area GSM Service Area
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GSM IMSI
International mobile subscribers Identity
The IMSI is an unique identity which is used internationally and used within the network to identify the mobile subscribers. The IMSI is stored on the subscriber identity module (SIM), the HLR, VLR and AC database.
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MSC/VLR
BSC BSC
BSC
RSS
n BTS
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n BTS
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MSC
BSS
BTS
BTS
Configuration -6
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GSM
MSC ( MOBILE SWITCHING CENTRE)
Manages communication between GSM & other network Call setup functions, basic switching are done MSC takes into account the RR allocation in addition to normal exchange functions MSC does gateway function while its customers roams to other network by using HLR /VLR
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Handover management
Billing for all subscribers based in its area Reallocation of frequencies to BTSs in its area to meet heavy demands
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Reference store for subscribers parameters, numbers, authentication & Encryption values.
Current subscriber status and associated VLR. Both VLR and HLR can be implemented in same equipment in an MSC. one PLMN may contain one or several HLR.
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the
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GPRS
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Network Evolution
BTS
P C U
SMS-G/IW MSC
Gd
MS
BSC
MSC/VLR
Gs Gr
HLR
AUC
Gb
MS
ISP Network
Iu
SGSN
Gn
GGSN
Gn
Gi
MS
U T R A N
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BTS
BTS
R N C R N C
Backbone Network
Corporate Network
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Network Evolution
BTS
P C U
SMS-G/IW MSC
Gd
MS
BSC
MSC/VLR
Gs Gr
HLR
AUC
Gb
MS
EDGE TRU
ISP Network
SGSN
Gn
GGSN
Gn
Gi
Backbone Network
Corporate Network
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Network Evolution
BTS
P C U
SMS-G/IW MSC
Gd
MS
BSC
MSC/VLR
Gs Gr
HLR
AUC
Gb
MS
ISP Network
Iu
SGSN
Gn
GGSN
Gn
Gi
MS
U T R A N
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BTS
BTS
R N C R N C
Backbone Network
Corporate Network
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GPRS Architecture
BTS
MT
Um
Abis A
GMSC MSC/VLR
Gs Gb Gf
BSC
TE
MS
SGSN
Gr
Gn
BSS
A Abis AUC BSC BSS BTS EIR GGSN GMSC Gx HLR MS MSC MT SGSN TE Um VLR GSM Interface GSM Interface (Proprietary of M/s Ericsson) Authentication Center Base Station Center Base Station System Base Transceiver Station Equipment Identity Register Gateway GPRS Support Node Gateway Mobile services Switching Center GPRS Interfaces Home Location Register Mobile Station Mobile services Switching Center Mobile Terminal Serving GPRS Support Node Terminal Equipment Air Interface Visitor Location GSM BB 4 Register GSM Network Elements
Gn Gi
External IP Network
GGSN
Gi
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GPRS Network Elements Traffic & Signaling Signaling
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GPRS COMPONENTS
To ensure the interworking of the PLMN, PDN and the wireless networks, two new major components are required. These components are called GPRS Support Nodes. There are two types of GPRS Support Nodes
1. Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) 2. Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)
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An SGSN delivers packets to mobile stations within its service area. SGSNs send queries to Home Location Registers (HLRs) to obtain profile data of GPRS subscribers. SGSNs detect new GPRS mobile stations in a given service area; and, finally, SGSNs process registration of new mobile subscribers and keep a record of their location inside a given service area.
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GGSNs are used as interfaces to external PDNs. GGSNs maintain routing information that is necessary to tunnel the Protocol Data Units (PDUs) to the SGSNs that service particular mobile stations. Other functions include network and subscriber screening and address mapping. One or more GGSNs may support multiple SGSNs.
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Advantages of GPRS
Increased revenues by moving in to the mobile data market Gain new subscribers requiring the data services without investing in to PCs to gain internet access Retain current subscribers by offering new services Reduce costs due to efficient use of network resources
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