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Lecture 33
Graphics & Animation
1
During the last lecture …
(Internet Services)
• We looked at several services provided by the
Internet
– FTP
– Telnet
– Web
– eMail
– Instant messaging
– VoIP
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Domain Names
• IP addresses are fine for computers, but difficult
to recognize and remember for humans
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DNS: Domain Name System
• DNS is the way that Internet domain names are
located & translated into IP addresses
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FTP
• Used to transfer files between computers on a
TCP/IP network (e.g Internet)
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Telnet Protocol
• Using Telnet, a user can remotely log on to a
computer (connected to the user’s through a
TCP/IP network, e.g. Internet) & have control
over it like a local user, including control over
running various programs
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The Web
• The greatest, shared resource of information
created by humankind
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http://www.vu.edu.pk/cs/index.html
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eMail
• Computer-to-computer messaging
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But first, the components:
• eMail client
• SMTP server
• POP3 server
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The Trouble with eMail
• Slow response times
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Key Point
• Once the IM server provides the communication
info to the user and his/her contact’s IM client,
the two are able to communicate with each
other without the IM server’s assistance
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VoIP: Voice over IP
• Voice delivered from one device to another
using the Internet Protocol
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Today’s Goal:
Graphics & Animation
• We will become familiar with the role that
graphics and animations play in computing
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Color Mapping (2)
• Each value, from 0 to 255, is mapped to a
selected RGB color through a table, reducing
the size of a 2.25MB graphic to 0.75MB
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Color Platelet Example
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Anti-Aliasing (2)
• The staircase effect is caused because the
proper drawing of the line requires a pixel that
does not exist
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Graphics File Formats
The choice of the format generally depends
upon the nature of the image. For example:
– An image of natural scenery contains many
irregular, non-gemetric shapes, therefore is stored in
bit-map format
–Lossy 39
File Formats Popular on the Web (3)
swf (Shockwave Flash)
–Designed for 2-D animations, but can also be used
for storing static vector images as well
• Examples:
– Converting 2-D satellite imagery into a 3-D model of
a terrain
– Restoring old, faded photographs into something
closer to the original
– Determining the amount of silting in Tarbela lake
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from a satellite image
3-D Graphics (1)
• Flat images enhanced to impart the illusion of
depth
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3-D Graphics (2)
• The two eyes are spaced a few cm apart
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3-D Graphics: Applications
• Games
• Medical images
• 3-D CAD
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3-D Rendering
• The process of converting information about 3-
D objects into a bit-map that can be displayed
on a 2-D computer display
• Steps:
– Draw the wire-frame (skeleton, made with thin lines)
– Fill with colors, textures, patterns
– Add lighting effects (reflections, shadows) 45
Animation
• Graphics in motion, e.g. cartoons
6 7 8 9
11 12 13
10
14 15 16
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Computer Animation: Examples
• Games
• Cartoons, movies
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Tweening (2)
• This process of creating these in-between
images from key images is called in-betweening
(or tweening for short)