Management Information System

Ghulam Yasin

Management

Management is the act of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively. Management comprises planning ,organizing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal. Resourcing encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resour ces and natural resources.

Information
Information, in its most restricted technical sense, is an ordered sequence of symbols that can be interpreted as a message. Information can be recorded as signs, or transmitted as signals. information is the message being conveyed.

system
A system is a set of elements (often called 'components' instead) and relationships which are different from relationships of the set or its elements to other elements or sets. Systems have structure, defined by components/elements and their composition; Systems have behavior, which involves inputs, processing and outputs of material, energy, information, or data; Systems have interconnectivity: the various parts of a system have functional as well as structural relationships to each other.

system
System is set of inter related components, with a clearly defined boundary working together to achieve a common set of objectives. Information system
An IS can be any organized commination of people, hardware, software, communication network, data resources, policies and procedure to store, retrieve, transform and disseminates information in the organization.

Information system (examples)

Smoke signals for communication Card catalogs in a library Bag, day planner, notebook , file and folder Cash register Paper based accounting ledger

Framework
Structure for supporting Work platform Framework is a real or conceptual structure intended to serve as a support or guide for the building of something

Framework

Framework of IS

Framework of IS
Foundation concepts
Fundamental behavioral, technical, business and managerial concept about components and role of information system.

Information technologies
major concepts, development and management issues in information technologies e.i. hardware, software, network, data management and many inter related technologies.

Framework of IS
Business Application
Use of IS for the operations, management and competitive advantages.

Development process
How business professionals and information specialist plan, develop, and implement of IS to meet business opportunism.

Management challenges
The challenges of effectively and ethically managing information technology at the end-user, enterprise and global level of business.

Foundation roles of IS in business

Supports business process and operations Support business decision making Support of strategies for competitive advantages

Trends in IS
1960
Transaction processing, record keeping, accounting, electronic data processing applications.

1970
MIS . Management reports of prescribed information to support decision making.

1980
DSS. Interactive ad hoc support of the managerial decision making process.

Trends in IS
End user computing system
Direct computing support end-user productivity and workgroup collaborations

Executive information system

Critical information for top management

Expert system
Knowledge base expert advice for end users

Strategic information system

Strategic products and services for competitive advantages

Trends in IS
Electronic business Electronic commerce
Internet base E-business and E-commerce system

Enterprise resource planning and business intelligence

Enterprise wide common interface applications data mining and data visualization. Customer relationship management (CRM), Supply chain management SCM.

Role of E-business in business

E-Business
The use of internet technologies to work and empower business process, e-commerce and enterprise collaborations with in a company and with its customer, suppliers, and other business stakeholders. Online exchange of value Intranet ( network with in the organization) Extranet ( network between enterprise and its trading partners)

Enterprise collaboration system

ECS involves the use of software tools to support communication, coordination, and collaboration among the members of networked team and workgroup. Business may use intranet, extranet, and other networks to implement this system.

Types of IS
Operation support system
OSS produces a variety of information products for internal and external use. Role of OSS is to process business transactions, control industrial process, update corporate data base etc.

Transaction processing system

TPS is example of OSS that record and process the data resulting from business transaction. Batch processing Online(real time processing) POS

Types of IS
Process control system
Monitors and controls physical resources

Management Information System

MIS provides information in the forms of reports and displays to managers and many business processionals.

Types of IS
Decision Support System
Give direct computer support to managers during the decision making process.

Executive Information System

EIS provides critical information form a wide variety of internal and external sources in easy to use displays to the executive and managers

Information System
An IS apply information technology to a firms products, services or business processes to help it to gain a strategic advantage over its competitors. Cross functional information system
CFIS is a system that provides a variety of functions. A cross-functional information system is a system that is used between two or more departments within a company. Cross-functional systems solve many problems caused by functional systems, in which case each area of the business may use separate information systems...

Information System

Success and failure with IT

Success must measure in terms of efficiency (cost, time and use of resource) and effectiveness of IT to support organization's business strategy, enabling its business processes, enhancing its organizational structure and culture and increasing its customer and business value for the enterprise.

Developing IS solution
Investigate Analyze Design Implement maintain

Developing IS solution

system
Input
Involves capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be processed.

Processing
Involves transformation process that convert input into output.

Output
Involves transferring elements that have been produced by a transformation process to their ultimate destination.