TRANSLATION 1

Meaning in Translation
By Sinung Eko Raharjo (10420110) Irpan Subhan Ansori (10420354)

Definitions
o Nida A word has some different meanings within. o Alwasilah Meaning is behind the word o Firth Meaning is total network of relations entered into by any linguistic formtext, item-in-text, structure, element of structure, class, term in systemor whatever it may be. o Bell Meaning is the kingpin of translation.

Kinds of Meaning
Larson Reference meaning Meaning which directly refers to object, occurrence, attribute, or a certain visible or describable relation Linguistic contextual meaning Meaning which is organized in semantic structure Situational meaning Textual messages meaning delivered from communicative situation

Example SL: The woman is sitting on the chair. She will chair the meeting TL: Wanita itu sedang duduk di kursi. Dia akan memimpin pertemuan.

Catford
Formal relations Relations between one formal item and others in the same language. Contextual relations The relationship of grammatical or lexical items to linguistically relevant elements in the situation in which the items operates as, or in, text.

Leech
Conceptual meaning A word can be conceptually organized in terms of contrastive features. Connotative meaning The communicative value an expression has by virtue of what it refers to, over and above its purely conceptual content. Stylistic meaning Meaning refers to its use Affective meaning Meaning is often explicitly conveyed through connotative or conceptual content of the words used. This meaning means to arise an impact to addressee.

Reflected meaning The meaning which arises in the case of multiple conceptual meaning, when one sense of a word forms part of our response to another sense Collective meaning Meaning which arises by means of word gathering. Thematic meaning What is communicated by the way in which a speaker or writer organizes the message, in the term of ordering, focus, and emphasizes

Prof Soemarno

Lexical meaning grammatical meaning situational or contextual meaning textual meaning socio-cultural meaning implied meaning

 Lexical meaning Lexical meaning is the property of language elements out of its context and use. miss = nona, absen, rindu, kehilangan, dll Example Grammatical meaning Grammatical meaning is the relationship of language elements in greater unit, for instance, the relations between a word and others in a group or clause. Example Society have missed their thrust toward law. They miss peaceful life without abuse and violation. Situational or contextual meaning Contextual or situational meaning is the relations between utterance and situation in which the utterance is used.

 Textual meaning Textual meaning is meaning in relation to a text. Example Example: Citizen are obliged to obey only if the government protects their human rights, which are morally prior to and above the claims and interests of the government. (kepentingan) socio-cultural meaning Socio-cultural meaning is the meaning in relation to the socio-culture of the language user.

 Implied meaning
Implied meaning is the meaning which is not directly written or spoken by language user. Usually, the meaning has it own sense, such as to refine, to remind, or to tease. Example: Example I shall in all my best obey you, madam

Magdy M. Zaky
Referential Meaning Connotative Meaning/ Associated Meaning

 Referential Meaning
Zaky (2005) mentions that referential meaning is also Meaning and translation known as the meaning of reference, is often referred to as the "referential" meaning, the "lexical" meaning, the "conceptual" meaning, or the "denotative meaning. A translator must be aware of any markers appear in the text. There are two markers that can be used to give meaning of words, syntactic marking and semotac marking.

 Syntactic marking In some cases, the meaning of a word is governed by their grammatical.
Example

He picked up a stone. They will stone him. She has a beautiful face. Hell face the audience. He fell in the water. Please, water the garden!

 Semotac marking Meaning of a word is also determined by its relationship with other words in a certain context. In other words, semotac environment differentiates meaning.
Example

Horse runs fast. The water runs through the path.

 Connotative Meaning Understanding meaning of a word is not merely based on the referred object of the word. Sometimes, a translator also needs to give emotional reaction to the word. There are three main principles to understand connotative meaning. They are:

 The relationship between the word and the speaker When certain words become very closely related with certain types of speakers, this will be well accepted by the member of the group. For examples are words which are used and understood by members of certain social class, level of education, and religion.

 Condition of the speaker The same word expressed by the same speaker but in different condition or setting may rise different connotative meaning.

 Linguistic factor Parallel words which are always in pairs with other words give differentvarious connotations. The word green, for example, when it is in pair with the following words have different meaning. green with envy cemburu green at the gills pucat a green worker pekerja baru a green fruit buah yang masih muda

THANKS