Project Title

DYNAMICALLY CHANGING SIGNAL LIGHT TIME ALLOTMENT IN STREET JUNCTIONS BASED ON TRAFFIC DENSITY

Under the Guidance of

Submitted by

ABSTARCT
The aim of the project is to solve traffic congestion, To solve the problem,

we have designed a framework for a dynamic and automatic traffic light

control system and developed a simulation model with codes to help building the system on hardware.

It is possible to propose dynamic time-based coordination schemes where

the green signal time of the traffic lights is assigned based on the present conditions of traffic. This is achieved by using 3 pair of IR sensors

(Transmitter and Receiver) across the road to monitor a particular length /

zone while vehicles on the same zone block the IR light falling on the IR receiver to assume low traffic density. As there are 3 zones only, it is immaterial if vehicles are parked side by side. As it crosses the zone, the green time automatically changes as programmed

PROJECT BLOCK DIAGRAM

HARDWARE COMPONENTS
POWER SUPPLY BLOCK

MICROCONTROLLER (AT89S52/AT89C51)

IR LED
PHOTODIODE BC547

LED
1N4007 RESISTORS CAPACITORS

POWER SUPPLY
230 V AC 50 Hz Bridge rectifier 5v Regulator

5V DC
12V step down transformer Filter(470f)

MICROCONTROLLER

It is a smaller computer Has on-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...

CPU

RAM ROM

A single chip
I/O Port
Serial Timer COM Port

Microcontroller

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF A MICRO CONTROLLERAT89S52/51

External interrupts Interrup t Control On-chip ROM for program code
Timer/Counter

On-chip RAM

Timer 1 Timer 0

Counter Inputs

CPU

OSC

Bus Control

4 I/O Ports

Serial Port

P0 P1 P2 P3

TxD RxD

Address/Data

FEATURES OF AT89S51/52

Compatible with MCS-51 Products 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM

32 Programmable I/O Lines

Three 16-bit Timer/Counters Eight Interrupt Sources

Full Duplex UART Serial Channel

Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode Watchdog Timer

Dual Data Pointer

PIN DESCRIPTION

IR LED

An IR LED, also known as IR transmitter, is a special purpose LED that transmits infrared rays in the range of 760 nm wavelength.

Such LEDs are usually made of gallium arsenide or aluminum gallium arsenide. They, along with IR receivers, are commonly used as sensors.

The appearance is same as a common LED. Since the human eye cannot see the infrared radiations, it is not possible for a person to identify whether the IR LED is working or not, unlike a common LED.

To overcome this problem, the camera on a cell phone can be used. The camera can show us the IR rays being

emanated from the IR LED in a circuit.

PHOTO DIODE
A photodiode is a type of photo detector capable of converting light into either current or voltage, depending upon the mode of operation. Photodiodes are similar to regular

semiconductor diodes except that they may be either exposed (to detect vacuum UV or Xrays) or packaged with a window or optical fibred connection to allow light to reach the sensitive part of the device.

BC547
The BC547 transistor is an NPN Epitaxial Silicon Transistor. The BC547 transistor is a general-purpose transistor in small plastic packages. It is used in general-purpose switching and amplification BC847/BC547 series 45 V, 100 mA NPN general-purpose transistors. Whenever base is high, then current starts flowing through base and emitter and after that only current will pass from collector to emitter

Schematic Diagram

Working of Project
The project uses the IR interruption concept for generating logic states to the input of the MC. To achieve the same a number of IR diodes are used facings photodiodes. While the IR light falls on the photodiode the resistance of the photodiode falls increasing the bias voltage Logic high sensed by the MC input changes the green ON time to a higher value for allowing more vehicles to pass through. After sometime in case any other way gets more logic high, the sequential timing gets automatically increased for that way. Based on the IR interruption the green ON time increases, thus more the vehicle longer will be the green signal time. Thus dynamic time control is achieved based on the traffic density.

SOFT WARE REQUIREMENTS

Keil an ARM Company makes C compilers, macro assemblers, realtime kernels, debuggers, simulators, integrated environments,

evaluation boards, and emulators for ARM7/ARM9/Cortex-M3, XC16x/C16x/ST10, 251, and 8051 MCU families.

Compilers are programs used to convert a High Level Language to object code. Desktop compilers produce an output object code for the underlying microprocessor, but not for other microprocessors.

i.e the programs written in one of the HLL like C will compile the

code to run on the system for a particular processor like x86

(underlying microprocessor in the computer).

For example compilers for Dos platform is different from the Compilers for Unix platform So if one wants to define a compiler then compiler is a program that translates source code into object code.

APPLICATIONS

ADVANTAGES

CONCLUSION

FUTURE SCOPE