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Dr.D.J.PARIKH,
One of the concepts is that the TLV for a toxic substance below which there is no likelihood of any worker exposed to the contaminant being harmed.Thus the use of TLV serves the end purpose of protecting a large majority of workers from health hazards.
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS HAVE SOUGHT TO ESTABLISH,ADOPT AND ENFORCE SAFE CONCENTRAION LEVELS FOR THE VARIOUS TOXIC CONTAMINANTS LIKELY TO BE ENCOUNTERED OCCUPATIONALLY
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DEFINITION
(A)
(B)
Airborne concentration of toxic substance representing condition under which it is believed that all workers exposed repeatedly for 8 hours daily of a 40 hours week would not suffer any adverse effects during their working life or subsequently. Airborne concentration of toxic substance at which neither direct or indirect behavioral and neurotoxin effects, including alteration or reflexes, or adaptive or protective reaction are detectable. According to the definition (A) are practical and realistic, whereas those according (B) represent an ideal desirable goal. USA and Western European Countries =(A) USSR and East European Countries = (B).
(C)
BEST AVAILABLE
INFORMATION PERTAINING TO TOXIC SUBSTANCE INDUSTRIAL EXPERIENCE
COMBINAT ION
OF THREE
TLV is based on the basis of a NORMAL Work day Exposure may differ depending upon : Production Rate Use of the Substance Climatic Conditions Intensity of Work
A.C.G.I.H
The American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists is an organization devoted to the administrative and technical aspects of occupation and environmental health .The association has contribution to the development of worker health protection .The conference is a professional society,not a government agency .
BIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE INDICES (BEIS) ARE DEVELOPED AS GUIDELINES TO ASSIST IN THE CONTROL OF HEALTH HAZARDS. THESE RECOMMENDATIONS OR GUIDELINE ARE INTENDED FOR USE IN THE PRACTICE OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE, TO BE INTERPRETED AND APPLIED ONLY BY A PERSON TRAINED IN THIS DISCIPLINE . THEY ARE NOT DEVELOPMENT FOR USE AS LEGAL STANDARDS,ACGIH DOES NOT ADVOCATE THEIR USE AS SUCH.
AMENDED FACTORIES ACT 1987,SECTION 41-F COVERS PERMISSIBLE LIMITS OF EXPOSURE OF CHEMICALS AND TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND THE SECOND SCHEDULE PRESCRIBING SUCH LIMITS FOR 117 CHEMICALS WERE ALSO ADDED. IN U.S.A THE TLVs ARE INCORPORATION IN LEGISLATION BY THE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION (OSHA).THEY ARE NOT LEGALLY DEFINED VALUES BUT REPRESENT LEVELS FOR GOODS WORK PRACTICE.
TLVs ARE AT BEST ESTIMATES ARRIVED AT THROUGH EDUCATED GUESS AND INCORPORATION A FACTOR OF SAFETY, WHICH MAY VARY DEPENDING ON THE INHERENT TOXICITY OF THE SUBSTANCE.
Time- Weighted Average: The timeweighed average concentration for a normal 8-hour workday and a 40-hour workweek,to which nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed, day by day, without adverse effect.
CEILING(TLV-C)
The
concentration that should not be exceeded during any part of the working exposure.
STEL-TLV
THE CONCENTRATION THAT SHOULD NOT BE EXCEEDED DURING ANY PART OF THE WORKING EXPOSURE. IN CONVENTIONAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE PRACTICE IF INSTANTANEOUS MONITORING IS NOT FEASIBLE, THEN THE TLV-C CAN BE ASSESSED BY SAMPLING OVER A 15- MINIUTE PERIOD EXCEPT FOR THESE SUBSTANCES THAT MAY CAUSE IMMEDIATE IRRITATION WHEN EXPOSURES ARE SHORT.
BELs are reference values intended as guidelines for the evaluation of potential health hazards in the practice of industrial hygiene BELs apply for eight hour exposures,five days a week. BELs are not intended for use as a measure of adverse effects or for diagnosis of occupational illness.
(1)Rational
Approach to setting community air quantity standards to protect not only population at large,but also animals life, vegetation and structure ar necessary . (2)Occupation T.L.V is reduced by a factor of 10,25,50 or 100 depending upon the toxicity of substance.
BIOLOGICAL TLV
3.5l/dl
0-20l/l ------0-20l/l
1-10mg/l 0 0
C= CONCENTRATION IN AIR T= TLV OF THE SUBSTANCE EXAMPLE : AIR CONTAINS 400 ppm OF ACETONE (TLV =750 ppm ) ,150 ppm OF SEC-BUTYL ACETATE (TLV = 200 ppm ) , AND 100 ppm OF METHYL ETHYL KETONE (TLV= 200ppm )
400 + 750
1.78
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