At the end of this presentation, the students should be able to :

Identify given surface texture symbols and explain their meanings

Select the type of surface texture, given charts relating surface textures to applications, and attainable surface textures to manufacturing processes. Indicate on engineering drawings, surface textures as well as machining processes using standard ISO symbols.

Main Menu
1. Introduction

2. Roughness grade numbers

3. Symbols Used for Indication of Surface Texture

4. Indication on Drawings 5. When to Apply Surface Texture Symbols

1. Introduction
Two main reasons for surface finish control are:
to reduce friction

to reduce wear

1. Introduction
Factors to be considered in selecting surface finish:
(i) function of the parts (ii) size (iii) type of loading (e.g. fatigue) (iv) speed (v) operating conditions (e.g. temperature) (vi) physical characteristics of materials in contact (vii) type and amount of lubricant.

2. Roughness grade numbers

(Boundy Page 46)

Roughness Value (Ra)

m 50 25 12.5 6.3 3.2 1.6 0.8 0.4 0.2 0.1 in 2000 1000 500 250 125 63 32 16 8 4

Roughness Grade Number

N12 N11 N10 N9 N8 N7 N6 N5 N4 N3

micrometre = 10-6m = m = micron = 40 inch

3. Symbols Used for Indication of Surface Texture (Table 1)

S/No 1 Symbol Meaning
Basic symbol. Needs to be accompanied by comments or Specifications e.g. to be machined if necessary.
Removal of material is required

3
Removal of material is not permitted

Production method to be specified by indicating on the Horizontal line extending out. Surface treatment or coatings are also included here.

Same surface texture is required on all surfaces of the part

S/No S/No

Symbol

Meaning
When one value a is indicated, it represents the maximum Roughness allowed. a may be in roughness value or Roughness grade number.

When two values a1 and a2 are indicated, a1 = maximum roughness a2 = minimum roughness

c represents the sampling length in mm

Direction of lay specified. Refer to Boundy, Table 1.21, Page 50.

10

Specification of surface treatment/coating a1 = roughness after coating a2 = before

a1 = is specified only if necessary

Lay Symbols (Boundy, Table 1.21, Page 50) Parallel Circular

Lay Symbols (Boundy, Table 1.21, Page 50)

Perpendicular

Multidirectional

Lay Symbols (Boundy, Table 1.21, Page 50)

Cross

Radial

turned

2.5

4. Indication on Drawing
The symbol together with the inscriptions should be so orientated so that they can be easily read from the bottom or right side of the drawing,(ISO 129). However, if it is not practicable, the symbol may be drawn in any position, but only if it does not carry any indications of special surface texture characteristics. Nevertheless, the inscriptions of the symbol must be in accordance with ISO 129. As a general rule, the symbol or arrow line shall be applied to the surface or its extension line from outside the material.

4. Indication on Drawing
Application of the surface texture symbol (Boundy, Fig.1.73, Page 46)
Extension line Dimension line

Leader line

Surface

4. Indication on Drawing
(c) When the same surface is required on the majority of surfaces Fig.2a Fig.2b

4. Indication on Drawing
(d) Simplified indication Fig.3

0.8
0.8
0.8

4. Indication on Drawing
(e) The symbol is used only once for a given surface and, if possible, on the view which carries the dimensions defining the size or position of the surface. Fig.4

5. When to Apply Surface Texture Symbols

5.1 Only if the application requires adequate specification of the surface quality, e.g. sliding fits, and only on those surfaces which require it. 5.2 The specification of surface texture is unnecessary whenever the ordinary manufacturing processes would normally give acceptable surface finish.

Application of surface texture symbol

(Boundy, Table 1.18, Page 47)

turned

Application of surface texture symbol

(Boundy, Table 1.18, Page 47)

Application of surface texture symbol

(Boundy, Table 1.18, Page 47)

milled

milled

Standard roughness values

(Boundy, Table 1.19, Page 48)

Standard roughness values

(Boundy, Table 1.19, Page 48)

Standard roughness values

(Boundy, Table 1.19, Page 48)

Worked Example Worked Example

A D

Fig.5

C Indicate on Fig.5 the following surface texture requirements using roughness grade numbers: (i) No material is to be removed from surface A,

(ii) Surface B is to be ground to a roughness value of 1.6 m,

(iii) Surface C is to be lapped to roughness value between 0.2 and 0.4 m. The direction of lapping is to be perpendicular to the plane of Fig.5. (iv) Surface D is to be machined if necessary.

Worked Example Worked Example

Solution

A D B C
N5 N4 N7

ground

lapped

Fig.5

= to be machined if necessary