CFX Multiphase 12.

0 Workshop 2

Rectangular Bubble Column with Non-Drag Forces

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WS2-1

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS2: Rectangular Bubble Column with Non-Drag Forces

Introduction
This simulation involves bubbly flow in a rectangular bubble column In the first workshop, you set up and ran a steady-state Eulerian simulation with only buoyancy and drag forces included on the bubbles. The shape of the bubble plume did not match experiments, probably because some potentially important forces were neglected. In the second workshop, you will add non-drag forces to the model, including:
Turbulent dispersion force (Favre averaged) Lift force model of Legendre Maugnaudet Wall lubrication force of Frank Virtual Mass force

Workshop Supplement

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WS2-2

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS2: Rectangular Bubble Column with Non-Drag Forces

Adding Non-Drag Forces

Start CFX-Pre and open the results file for your second run for the first workshop (which had the larger physical timesale and the higher number of iterations) Double-click the Default Domain in the outline and click on the Fluid Pair Models tab Click on the + sign next to the Non-Drag Forces entry to expand it You will add the following forces:
Lift force acts transverse to flow direction Virtual Mass Force Due to relative acceleration of phases. Helps with convergence at 12.0. Wall Lubrication Force Prevents bubbles from approaching a wall too closely Turbulent Dispersion Force spreads bubbles out in the presence of a volume fraction gradient in a turbulent flow field
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Workshop Supplement

WS2-3

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS2: Rectangular Bubble Column with Non-Drag Forces

Effect of Non-Drag Forces

Important non-drag forces for bubbly flows include: Lift force - see picture at right Wall lubrication force - see picture at right Turbulent dispersion force - liquid turbulence tends to smooth out distribution of bubbles in the presence of a volume fraction gradient Including these forces in the simulation should tend to spread the bubbles out from the central plume

Workshop Supplement

wall lubr. force

gas void fraction

lift force

fluid vel.
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

WS2-4

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS2: Rectangular Bubble Column with Non-Drag Forces

Adding Non-Drag Forces

Under Non-drag forces, set the Lift Force Option to Legendre Magnaudet which is valid for smaller spherical bubbles and droplets such as are produced under the experimental conditions for this simulation Set the Virtual Mass Force option to Virtual Mass Coefficient and accept the default value of 0.5 Set the Wall Lubrication Force Option to Frank and accept the default coefficients Set the Turbulent Dispersion Force Option to Favre Averaged Drag Force and leave the Dispersion Coefficient at its default value of 1. Click OK to apply the changes to the domain
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Workshop Supplement

WS2-5

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS2: Rectangular Bubble Column with Non-Drag Forces

Writing the Case and Solver File

Save the CFX-Pre case file as BubbleColumn_ndf.cfx
Click on the Write Solver Input File icon On the Write Solver File form, enable the Quit CFX-Pre toggle, enter the File name as BubbleColumn_ndf.def and click Save.

Workshop Supplement

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

WS2-6

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS2: Rectangular Bubble Column with Non-Drag Forces

Running the Solver

Start the CFX Solver Manager and select File/Define Run Select the definition file you just write for the simulation with the non-drag forces included Enable the Initial Values Specification toggle and specify the File Name for the Initial Values 1 file as the second simulation you ran in Workshop 1 Enable the toggle to continue the monitor history from Initial Values 1 Click on Start Run to commence the Run

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WS2-7

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS2: Rectangular Bubble Column with Non-Drag Forces

Monitoring the Run

Mass and Momentum Residuals

Workshop Supplement

Imbalances

Start of run

Holdup

Start of run Start of run

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WS2-8

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS2: Rectangular Bubble Column with Non-Drag Forces

Post-Processing

Workshop Supplement

Select the -Z view. Create a XY-Plane for a z-value of 0.01 m and color it according to air.Volume Fraction. Next, clip the range by setting a userspecified range from 0 to 0.125. The narrow bubble plume is much shorter than in the previous results file with a quicker transition to a more uniform distribution of bubbles across the cross-section.

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

WS2-9

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS2: Rectangular Bubble Column with Non-Drag Forces

Comparison to Experiment

Workshop Supplement

The steady-state simulation with the non-drag forces included appears to match the experimental bubble profile better than the simulation for Workshop 1 for which they were neglected.

Bubbles dispersed across the column

Narrow plume of bubbles near the inlet

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

WS2-10

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS2: Rectangular Bubble Column with Non-Drag Forces

Running a Transient Simulation

Workshop Supplement

Bubble columns without a central draft tube are often known to exhibit a transient character due to the oscillating nature of the central bubble plume. The convergence for this problem could be improved substantially by running the simulation as transient. To convert the steady-state simulation to a transient one, you could open the definition file in CFX-Pre and change the Simulation Type to Transient. Timesteps of 0.005 s with an overall duration of 20 s would be appropriate The runtime for this transient simulation will be significant and will be outside the scope of the time allotted for the practicals in this course Convergence will be better for the transient case and the oscillations of the bubble plume can be captured

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

WS2-11

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS2: Rectangular Bubble Column with Non-Drag Forces

Solver Monitor for a Transient Run

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WS2-12

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS2: Rectangular Bubble Column with Non-Drag Forces

Transient Results
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T=10.0s

T=15.0s

T=20.0s

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WS2-13

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS2: Rectangular Bubble Column with Non-Drag Forces

Comparison to Experiment
Workshop Supplement

0.075 Y = 0.63 m JG = 10 mm/s JG = 8 mm/s JG = 6 mm/s

volume fraction [-]

0.050

0.025

0.000 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1

x [m]
xxx Measurement
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Calculation
WS2-14
September 1, 2009 Inventory #