COOLING ARRANGEMENT FOR TURBINE

ROTOR AND

STATOR
BY AMIT TYAGI

DISCUSSION

GENERAL LAYOUT TURBINE ROTOR AND ITS COOLING ARRANGEMENT. TURBINE STATOR AND ITS COOLING ARRANGEMENT. GLAND SEALING AND ITS COOLING ARRANGEMENT.

ROTOR

SINGLE ROTOR BUILT UP FROM A NUMBER OF DISCS A FRONT ,CENTRAL AND REAR HOLLOW SHAFT ALL CLAMPED BY A CENTRAL TIE ROD EACH DISC CARRY ONE ROW OF BLADE

ROTOR

INDIVIDUAL PARTS ARE CENTERED BY HIRTH COUPLING IT PROVIDE FOR CENTRING IT ALLOWS FREE THERMAL EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION. TRANSMIT THE TORQUE. ROTOR IS INTERNALLY AND EXTERNALLY COOLED. ALL ROTOR BLADES CAN BE REPLACED WITUOUT DISASSEMBLING THE ROTOR.

TURBINE ROTOR BLADES.

BALDE CONSIST OF AN AIRFOIL, BLADE PLATFORM, AND BLADE ROOT AIRFOIL IS TAPERED TOWARDS BLADE TIP. BLADE PLATFORM PROTECTS THE BLADE FIXING ROOT AGAINST HIGH TEMPERATURES

BALDE ROOT CONSIST OF A FIR TREE DOVETAIL WITH TWO OR THREE SERRATIONS. BLADES ARE LOCKED BY MEANS OF KEYS FIRST TWO SATGES BLADES ARE INTERNALLY COOLED WITH AIR. BLADES ARE COATED TO REDUCE HIGH TEMP. CORROSION.

FIRST STAGE BLADES DESIGN FOR COOLING

ARE CAST HOLLOW BLADES WITH DUCTS FOR GUIDING THE COOLING AIR. COOLING AIR ENTERS THE AIRFOIL IN THE RADIAL DIRECTION VIA THE BLADE ROOT, COOLING AIR EXITS THROUGH HOLES BEHIND THE TRAILING EDGE.

SECOND STAGE BLADES DESIGN FOR COOLING

ARE PROVIDED WITH SEVERAL DUCTS EXTENDED RADIALLY THROUGH THE AIRFOIL COOLING AIR ENTERS THE BLADE VIA HOLES AT THE BLADE ROOT, COOLING AIR EXITS FROM THE BLADE TIP IN THE RADIAL DIRECTION.

TURBINE STATOR

TURBINE STATOR BLADES

COOLING ARRANGEMENT IN STATOR AND ROTOR BLADES

COOLING AND SEAL AIR SYSTEM FOR ROTOR

WHY COOLING IS REQUIRED?

HOT GAS TEMP. ARE FAR ABOVE THE SERVICE TEMP RANGES OF SPECIAL BLADE MATERIAL. INCREASE SERVICE RELIABILITY BY INCREASING THEIR RESISTANCE TO HOT CORROSION. PROTECT TURBINE ROTOR DRUM AGAINST OVERHEATING.

COOLING AIR FOR TURBINE MOVING BLADES ROW 1

IS EXTRACTED AT THE HUB DOWNSTREAM OF THE LAST COMPRESSOR MOVING BLADE ROW. SMALL PROPORTION FLOWS THROUGH THE LABYRINTH AS SEAL AIR. MAJORITY OF AIR PASSES THROUGH HOLLOW CENTER SHAFT.

COOLING AIR FOR TURBINE MOVING BLADES ROW 2,3 AND 4.

IS EXTRACTED AT THE HUB DOWNSTREAM OF THE COMPRESSOR STATIONARY BLADE ROW 12. PASS THROUGH BORES IN COMPRESSOR ROTOR DISC. FLOW THROUGH THE COOLING AIT PARTION PIPE AND ON TO THE BLADES THROUGH THE HUB BORES IN TURBINE DISC.

COOLING AIR THEN ENTERS THE HOT GAS FLOW COOLING AIR ENSURES THAT THE STRUCTURAL ROTOR DRUM IS ENVELOPED IN COOL AIR IN THE HOT GASV REGION OF TURBINE. IT PREVENTS PEAK THERMAL STRESSES AND ROTOR DEFORMATION ON LOAD CHANGE AND FAST STARTUP.

COOLING AND SEAL AIR SYSTEM FOR TURBINE STATOR

COOLING AIR FOR TURBINE STATOR BLADES ROW 1,2

AIR IS EXTRACTED FROM COMPRESSOR OUTLET. PASSES THROUGH BORES IN STATIONARY BLADE CARRIER TO THE COOLING CHAMBER COOLOS THE BLAE SHROUD FOR BLADE ROW 1- ENTERS BLADE AND THEN RE ENTERS THE HOT GAS PATH THROUGH THE TRAILING EDGES OF THE BLADE.

COOLING AIR FOR TURBINE STATOR BLADES ROW 2, 3,4

AIR IS EXTRACTED DOWNSTREAM OF COMPRESSOR BLADE ROW 10. FOR BLADE ROW 2,3,4 PART IS USED FOR COOLING THE BLADE AND MAJORITY OF AIR PASSE TO HUB PREVENT ENTRY OF HOT GAS INTO SHAFT GLAND UNDER THESE ROWS.

COMBINED JOUNRAL AND THRUST BEARING

COMBUSTION CHAMBER

CONSTRUCTION AND FUNCTIONAL DETAILS

ROTOR COMPRESSOR TURBINE

ROTOR BLADES

ROTOR BLADES

CONSTRUCTION AND FUNCTIONAL DETAILS(continue)

COMPRESSOR

STAIONARY BLADE

ASSEMBLY
COMPRESSOR TURBINE

STATOR BLADES

STATOR BLADES

CONSTRUCTION AND FUNCTIONAL DETAILS(continue)

CENTER

CASING CASING DIFFUSER

EXHAUST EXHAUST INNER

CASING