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Various auxiliary equipments in a boiler Need for Draft System Primary and secondary air system in Boiler and their fans Other fans in a boiler Basic of fans: Fan Types and selection Fan laws and factors affecting fan performance Performance curves
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Combustion Air
Boiler
Flue Gases
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Components of PA Fan
Suction Bend With volume Measurement instruments Fan housing with Guide Vanes Main Bearings (Anti Friction) Rotor with impeller with adjustable blade with pitch control Guide vane housing with guide vanes Diffuser with pressure measurement instruments
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ID Fan
The rotor consists of shaft and assembled impeller and runs in two sleeve bearings that are arranged outside of the housing. The impeller consists of a centre disc and two cover discs that are reinforced by forged rings. The bent blades are welded into position between the impeller discs. The blades are protected by screwed - on wear plates. The shaft is of hollow design. The fan shaft has been rated so that max. operating speed is below the critical speed. Impeller and shaft are connected by means of a flange. This screwing is protected by wear plates. The fan housing is sealed by means of two-part labyrinth seals. Bearings are lubricated with oil.
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RADIAL ID FAN
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Parameters Required for sizing of the fan : Volume / Mass Flow rate Pressure at fan inlet Pressure at fan outlet Temp. of the medium Density of the medium Dust concentration
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Fan Type
Volume
m3/s
Pressure
mmwc
Temp
C
Axial Impulse Axial Reaction Single Stage Axial Reaction Double Stage Radial
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25-1000
300-700
200
40-1200
40-1200 10-800
40-800
700-2200 400-1500
200
200 400
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PAPH-A
SCAPH-A PRIMARY
PA FAN -A
ECO BYPASS
TO ESP
SAPH-A
AA205
AA203
SCAPH-A SECOND
AEROFOIL
AA202
AA201 HORIZONTAL S.H ECONOMISER -1 ECONOMISER -2 SA HDR AA204 HOT PA HDR FD FAN -B
PLATEN S.H
HOT
COMBUSTION CHAMBER
ECONOMISER-3
RE HEATER
AA204
AA201
SAPH-B
AA205
AA203
SCAPH-B SECOND
AA202 FD FAN-A
AEROFOIL
COLD SEC. AIR COLD PRIM AIR HOT PRIMARY AIR HOT SEC. AIR FLUE GAS PNEUMATICALLY O/P KNIFE EDGE GATE MOTOR O/P LOUVER DAMPER PNEUMATICALLY O/P LOUVER DAMPER
TO ESP
DIVERTER DAMPER
TO MILLS PA FAN -A
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PAPH-B
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ID Fan at Location
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1 2
FD Fan Inlet
FD Fan Outlet Airheater Inlet
Airheater Outlet
4
Windbox Pressure
5 6 7 8
Furnace Pressure
-100
9
-150 -200 -250 -300 Points in Boiler
10 11 12 13 14
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Basics on Fans
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Fan types
Centrifugal fan
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Axial fan
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Backward Curved
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Axial-flow Fans Type Prope ller Characteristics Low pressure, high flow, low efficiency, peak efficiency close to point of free air delivery Medium pressure, high flow, higher efficiency than propeller type, dip in pressure-flow curve before peak pressure point. High pressure, medium flow, dip in pressure-flow curve, use of guide vanes improves efficiency Typical Applications Aircirculation, ventilation, exhaust HVAC, drying ovens, exhaust systems Type Radial
Centrifugal Fans Characteristics High pressure, medium flow, efficiency close to tube-axial fans, power increases continuously Medium pressure, high flow, dip in pressure curve, efficiency higher than radial fans, power rises continuously High pressure, high flow, high efficiency, power reduces as flow increases beyond point of highest efficiency Same as backward curved type, highest efficiency Typical Applications Various industrial applications, suitable for dust laden, moist air/gases Low pressure HVAC, packaged units, suitable for clean and dust laden air / gases
Tubeaxial
Forwardcurved blades
Vaneaxial
High pressure Backward applications curved including blades HVAC systems, exhausts Airfoil type
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System curve
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Fan Laws
Flow ? Speed Pressure ? (Speed)2 Power ? (Speed)3
Q1 N 1 Q2 N 2
SP1 N 1 SP 2 N 2
kW 1 N 1 kW 2 N 2
Varying the RPM by 10% Varying the RPM by 10% decreases or increases air decreases or increases the delivery by 10%. static pressure by 19%.
Varying the RPM by 10% decreases or increases the power requirement by 27%.
Speed vs Power
% Speed
100 90 80 70 60
% Power
100 73 51 34 22
50
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100
Power
75 50 25 25
VFD Ideal
50
Flow
75
100
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APPLICATION
FORCED DRAFT FAN - Vol
OF
FAN
Pr Pr Pr Pr
- Vol - Vol
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THANK YOU
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