Language Focus

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Word Study Grammar Games

Word Study

WARM UP: Good Friend

Connect MAKE OR DO to a phrase which can form a natural expression

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a mistake your homework

an appointment

friends

DO MAKE

your best

the washing
a phone call
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an impression

 Do your best Do your homework Do the washing

Make Make Make Make Make

a mistake a phone call friends an appointment an impression

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a. Match the expressions with MAKE in the 1st column with their appropriate meanings in the 2nd column

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1) make the best 2) make possible for 3) make a mistake 4) make the team

a. get or earn money b. succeed in achieving a particular position c. tidy the covers after you have slept in your bed d. make people admire you

5) make an appointment
6) make a profit

e. do something wrong
f. arrange for a meeting at an agreed time and place for a particular purpose g. cause something to happen
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7) make an appointment

b. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate expressions with make in column A to make the sentences meaningful

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You have 10 minutes to do this task!

Some extra expressions

to make a booking to make a bundle to make a call to make a cake to make a choice to make a comment to make a complaint to make a compromise to make a deal
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to make a decision to make a difference to make a fire to make a fool of yourself to make a fortune to make a fuss to make a habit to make a move to make a phone call

Lets play

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1. Have you _______ your homework?

make
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do

Did we _______ a profit this year?

make
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do

Did we _______ a profit this year?

make
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do

Oh no! I think I _______ a mistake on my exam!?

make
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do

Excuse me. I need to _______ a call to my mother.

make
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do

When are you going to _______ the dishes? The kitchen looks so messy!

make
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do

Have you _______ any coffee? I could really use a cup.

make
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do

They _______ an excuse about why they couldnt come to the party.

make
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do

To _______ business in another country, you need to be aware of local customs.

make
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do

Definition
The verbs will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, must, ought, and need are usually called modal auxiliaries. They are used with other verbs to express actions, events or situations that exist only as conceptions of the mind-permissions, possibilities, certainty, ability, wishes, obligations etc. They may also express simple futurity. I can swim. She will come. I must go now. Should I call them? She might come.
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Characteristics
Modal auxiliaries have three common characteristics. 1. They are never used alone. A principal verb is either present or implied. I can fly an aeroplane. He should behave. Will you go? Yes, I will (go). 2. Modal auxiliaries have no s in the third person singular. I can swim. She can swim. (NOT She cans ) I may pass. He may pass.
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3. Modal auxiliaries do not have infinitives (to may, to shall etc.) or participles (maying, shalling, shalled etc.). You cannot say to shall, to must or to may.
Modal auxiliaries May Meaning Be possible to do Example Each nurse may be responsible for up to twenty patients. It might rain this evening. Can you be off next Monday? Would

Might
Can

To talk about the past habits After dinner we would sit in Be willing to

a common room and chat for a while.

Polite requests and offers

She said she would be try her best to finish the work.
Would you like another cup of tea?
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Modal auxiliaries
Can Could May Must

Meaning
Be allowed to do

Example
May I have one? You can take both of them.

Be required to do Be necessary Be logically certain Be obliged to do Give advice

Every must be on time. I must stop smoking. You must be very busy. The equipment should be inspected regularly. You should/ought to get your hair cut. You need not work to day.

Should Ought to

Need

Ask for or give permission

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a. Do the exercise on page 132 (textbook)

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You have 10 minutes to do this task!

Lets play

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Example: Read this book! - You must read this book.

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Maybe she will return tonight. She return tonight.

must
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can

Don't stand up! - You .. stand up!?

Might
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need not

I'm sure they will finish it in a minute. They.. finish it in a minute.

Might
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can

There is no need to answer the letter. Youanswer the letter.

need
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might

Please, do it for me. - . you do it for me?

should
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can

I'd like to see your children. -.. I see your children?

may
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would

I am not good at football. Iplay football.

Shouldnt

cannot

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Let's take a taxi. We.. take taxi.

can
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should

Adverbial clause

An adverbial clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adverb. In other words, it contains a subject (explicit or implied) and a predicate, and it modifies a verb. I saw Joe when I went to the store. (explicit subject I) He sat quietly in order to appear polite. (implied subject he)

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Common conjunctio Function ns

Example

because, since, as, given

These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something.

I couldn't feel anger against him because I liked him too much.
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Do the exercise a,b on page 133 (textbook)

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You have 14 minutes to do this task!

Groupwork

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Thank you

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