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1 NOKIA Presentation_Name.PPT / DD-MM-YYYY / Initials
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Know how AMR works The purpose and planning aspects of the feature Understanding of AMR parameters Inter-working of AMR with other features HW/SW requirements for AMR Impact of AMR on network performance
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Table of Contents
AMR Introduction AMR Benefits
AMR Codecs
Nokia AMR Link Adaptation and codec mode adaptation Nokia AMR interaction with other Nokia features AMR support in Nokia system Nokia AMR parameter Nokia AMR KPI Nokia AMR planning aspects AMR implementation
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AMR Introduction
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Hard/Soft Blocking
Hard blocking The whole radio resource is in use - no more calls can be established due to lack of free radio timeslots.
Soft blocking The capacity of individual cells is limited by the level of the interference rather than the number of TRXs available
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Robustness
15 10 5 0
FR 12.2 FR 10.2 FR FR 7.4 FR 6.7 FR 5.9 FR 7.95 5.15 FR 4.75 HR HR 7.4 HR 6.7 HR 5.9 HR 7.95 5.15 HR 4.75
Speech Qual
AMR codec mode
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Set of Codecs
AMR
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AMR Benefits
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3.5 3 MOS 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 C/I (dB) FR 12.2 MOS FR 7.4 MOS FR 5.9 MOS FR 4.75 MOS HR 7.4 MOS HR 5.9 MOS HR 4.75 MOS
A user in good radio conditions perceives the same quality as EFR. However, a user in bad radio conditions still receives acceptable speech quality while with EFR it would not received satisfactory speech quality.
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10%
TCH FER
1%
0% 10 8 6 C/I [dB] 4 2 0
Approx. 5.5 dB link level gain in hopping layer This turns into approx. 140% capacity gain for AMR-FR Coverage enhancement (>4dB) Tighter BCCH reuse schemes. Saving of resources by deploying AMR-HR
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AMR Codecs
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AMR Codecs
Voice quality Full Rate Half rate
EFR 12.2
10.2 7.95 7.95 7.4 7.4 6.7 6.7 5.9 5.9
AMR Full Rate performance compared to Full Rate EFR in Clean Speech MOS (Mean Opinion Score) 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0
1.0 No Errors
6 dB gain in performance
EFR AMR FR
16 dB C/I 13 dB C/I 10 dB C/I 7 dB C/I 4 dB C/I
Robustness
New AMR family tolerates 6 dB higher interference than current Speech bit rate GSM EFR codec
AMR Half Rate performance compared to Full Rate in Clean Speech MOS (Mean Opinion Score) Quality loss 5.0 of ~ 0.2 between AMR HR and FR 4.0 3.0 2.0 AMR HR AMR FR
4 dB C/I
Can be directly utilized for higher capacity with Frequency Hopping Higher interference tolerance Reduced time slot occupancy
17 NOKIA Presentation_Name.PPT / DD-MM-YYYY / Initials
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CH13-HS 4.75 kbit/s 0.10 kbit/s 6.45 kbit/s 0.10 kbit/s (*) Requires 16 kbit/s TRAU. Therefore it is not seen as a feasible codec mode and will not be supported by Nokia BSS10.
In high-error conditions more bits are used for error correction to obtain error robust coding, while in good transmission conditions a lower amount of bits is needed for sufficient error protection and more bits can therefore be allocated for source coding
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AMR Mode
25
12.2 kbit/s
AMR FR HR 12.2
20
7.95 kbit/s
[dB]
10.2
15
6.70 kbit/s
10
5.90 kbit/s
5.9
5.15
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
5.9
5.15 4.75
0 Time[s]
4.75
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chan. codin g
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MOS
FR 12.2 MOS FR 7.4 MOS FR 5.9 MOS FR 4.75 MOS HR 7.4 MOS HR 5.9 MOS HR 4.75 MOS
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
C/I (dB)
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DL LA
1.-Which DL Radio Conditions?
UL LA
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Functionality
Channel quality estimation calculation (or Link Quality Estimation, LQE) and codec proposal are proprietary Maximum codec change rate: every other speech frame (40ms) The network can override MS's codec requests Inband signaling is more robust than speech codecs
MS BSS
Transcoder
DL codec
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In band signalling
SF 2
SF 4CMR SF 6 CMR SF 3
CMR
CMR CMI
CMR CMI
CMR
CMR CMI
UL
SF 1
CMI
CMI
CMI CMC
CMI CMC
CMI CMC
DL
SF 1
SF 3
SF= Speech Frame CMC = Codec Mode Command CMI = Codec Mode Indicator
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Impact of wrong LA
Due to wrong LA threshold selection, or wrong estimation of radio conditions, the codec used under certain conditions might not be the best performing one, reducing Speech Quality.
non-ideal LA 1 (Lower MOS & HIGH FER) non-ideal LA 2 (Lower MOS & low FER)
AFS475 AFS7.90
AFS12.2
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Codec
load
Good Quality
FR FR
HR
HR
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Packing Procedure
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Lower limit for free FR TCHs btsLoadDepTCHRate(HRL) Time No packing of AMR FR calls Packing of AMR FR calls No packing of AMR FR calls
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free full rate resources reduces below the value of the parameter btsLoadDepTCHRate(HRL) or btsSpLoadDepTCHRate (FRL)
HRL is a BSC level parameter FRL is a BTS level parameter, once defined, it can overwrite HRL
AND FR calls which quality is above the amrHandoverFr(IHRF) for both UL and DL AND they are using the least robust codec mode for both UL and DL
Intra HO threshold Rx qual for AMR FR, Px, Nx: the parameter compares the averaged values of signal quality downlink and uplink measurements for triggering the intra-cell handover process for a AMR FR call in order to switch it to a AMR HR call
Rx qual: Threshold level for a handover process. Px: The Px parameter of Threshold qual uplink Rx qual (QUR) is used. Nx: The parameter of Threshold qual unplink Rx qual (QUR) is used.
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Packing happens to permanent HR channels Packing happens to DR channels which half has been occupied Packing happens when there are even number of FR calls to DR channels.
Packing continues until the number of free full rate resources increases above the value of the parameter btsLoadDepTCHRate (HRU) or btsSpLoadDepTCHRate (FRU) HRU is a BSC level parameter FRU is a BTS level parameter, once defined, it can overwrite HRU Queueing is not allowed for packing procedure
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Un-Packing Procedure
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Rx qual: Threshold level for a handover process, Rx qual range: 0..7. Px: The Px parameter of Threshold qual uplink Rx qual (QUR) is used Nx: The Nx parameter of Threshold qual uplink Rx qual (QUR) is used
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RLT 28
FER (%)
FER (%)
RLT 32
100 90 80 70 100 90 80 70
RLT 36
FER (%)
FER (%)
FER average every 5 seconds, during last 30 seconds before dropping for: RLT = 20, 28, 32, 36
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Talk-family BTS will have AMR support for FR modes 4.75, 5.9, 7.4 and 12.2 as well as for HR modes 4.75, 5.9 and 7.4 (*). With this approach, the link adaptation between full scale of FR modes and almost full scale of HR can be achieved (note that only 4 codecs can be selected to be used during a call). PrimeSite will have same AMR support as Talk. The frequency hopping functionality will be removed from PrimeSite BTSs to enable this modification. Last PrimeSite SW release supporting frequency hopping will be DF5.0.
12.2
10.2 7.95 7.95
7.4
6.7
7.4
6.7
5.9
5.15
5.9
5.15
4.75
4.75
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0 0 0 0
... 15 ... 15 ... 15 / 1 00, 01, 10,11 0 ... 63 0 ... 63 0 ... 63 0 0 0 0 ... 15 ... 15 ... 15 / 1 00, 01, 10,11 0 ... 63 0 ... 63 0 ... 63
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Maximum of 4 codecs can be included in ACS, although it can be less (or even disable) Values Range: 0..240 (0 or 1-4 values Range: 0..30 (0 or 1-4 values from
from these: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 & 128) 0 (0000 0000) = disabled 1 (0000 0001) = 4.75 kbit/s 2 (0000 0010) = 5.15 kbit/s 4 (0000 0100) = 5.90 kbit/s 8 (0000 1000) = 6.70 kbit/s 16 (0001 0000) = 7.40 kbit/s 32 (0010 0000) = 7.95 kbit/s 64 (0100 0000) = 10.2 kbit/s 128 (1000 0000) = 12.2 kbit/s Example (default) 1001 0101 = (4.75, 5.90, 7.40 & 12.2) these: 1, 2, 4, 8 & 16) 0 (0000 0000) 1 (0000 0001) 2 (0000 0010) 4 (0000 0100) 8 (0000 1000) 16 (0001 0000) = disabled = 4.75 kbit/s = 5.15 kbit/s = 5.90 kbit/s = 6.70 kbit/s = 7.40 kbit/s
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Hysteresis (C/I)
3 (7.4)
2 (5.9) 1 (4.75)
TH2 (7 dB)
TH1 (4 dB)
H3 (1 dB)
H2 (1 dB) H1 (1 dB)
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FR12.2 (codec 4)
1dB FRH3
FR7.4 (codec 3)
1dB FRH2
4dB FRT1
5dB
7dB FRT2
8dB
11dB FRT3
12dB
C/I estimation
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Initial codec mode for call set-up and HO 0 = Initial codec mode is defined by the implicit rule provided in GSM 05.09 1 = Initial codec mode is defined by amrConfigurationFr: startMode (FRS)
01: Codec mode 2 10: Codec mode 3
HR:
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enable slow link adaptation. This is a proprietary algorithm where codec mode changes happen every SACCH period (480ms) instead of as fast as 40ms.
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2 = AMR FR AMR FR is preferred over AMR HR and allocated despite of the values of the currently used information for channel allocation IAC=2 overrides tchRateInternalHo (HRI) parameter
Q3 NAME initAmrChannelRate
Acronymn IAC 1
RANGE / 2
UNIT MML EE
MML Default 1
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UNIT % %
MML E E E E
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amrConflnHandover
amrConflnHandover (ACH BSC LEVEL) 1 = the currently used multirate configuration is preferred 2 = the multirate configuration of target BTS is preferred amrSetGradesEnabl (ASG-BSC LEVEL) Y/N you define whether codec mode set downgrades during internal HOs and upgrades after internal HOs are applied or not
Y = downgrades and upgrades are applied N = downgrades and upgrades are not applied
If multirate configuration of source and target BTS are the same, these 2 parameters has no impact.
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amrConflnHandover
If multirate configuration of source and target BTS are difference (e.g. Talk family BTS supports less codecs than UltraSite and MetroSite), the multirate configuration can be aligned before or after HO. Recommendation amrConflnHandover = 2 amrSetGradesEnabl = Y Mode modify is triggered for BTS and MS on source side before HO if target BTS support less codec (downgraded, UltraSite Talk family) Mode modify is triggered for BTS and MS on target side after HO if target BTS support more codec (upgrade, Talk family UltraSite) In order to make it possible to connect unidirectional speech path on target side, the multirate configuration on both sides should be the same (reduce muting period during HO).
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HRI = 1 Call serving type TCH and speech codec are preferred. The call serving type of speech codec inside the call serving
type of TCH can change.
HRI = 2 Call serving type of TCH and speech codec are preferred for speech
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HRI = 4 Preferred channel rate of TCH and preferred speech codec have to be primarily allocated HRI = 5 ... TCH has to be primarily allocated from the best BTS of thehandover candidate list.
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AMR Parameters
AMR PC Control Thresholds - BTS level parameters
Q3 NAME amrPowerC ontrolFr * lower threshold dl Rx Qual* amrPowerC ontrolHr * lower threshold dl Rx Qual* amrPowerC ontrolFr * lower threshold ul Rx Qual* amrPowerC ontrolHr * lower threshold ul Rx Qual* amrPowerC ontrolFr * upper threshold dl Rx Qual* amrPowerC ontrolHr * upper threshold dl Rx Qual* amrPowerC ontrolFr * upper threshold ul Rx Qual* amrPowerC ontrolHr * upper threshold ul Rx Qual* Acronymn LDRF LDRH LURF LURH UDRF UDRH UURF UURH 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 RANGE ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 UNIT MML E U E U E U E U E U E U E U E U MML Default 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 0
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