Customers Seminar Sofia/BG, May 22nd 2007 Baerlocher Additives for PVC Profiles

Dr. Alexander Schmid

Dr. A. Schmid page 1

Overview

PVC stabilisation globally The situation for Lead stabilisers Calcium based stabilisers for profiles Stabiliser development Stabiliser performance Conclusion / Outlook

Dr. A. Schmid page 2

PVC Profiles: World Market 2006 and Stabilisers

1400 kt 15% 1400 kt 330 kt 35% 600 kt 5%

Russia
1200 kt

W-Europe

CEE
240 kt

N-America

Turkey

30 kt

India

China

Pb Sn Ca/Zn
Dr. A. Schmid page 3

Stabilisers for PVC Pipes & Fittings: World Market

9% 9 9 %

Europe North America

9% 9 9 % 9% 9

Pb Sn Ca/Zn Ca-org.

Middle East

Far East

South America

Africa
Dr. A. Schmid page 4

Stabilisers for PVC Cables & Wires: World Market

North America
9% 9

Europe Middle East

9% 9

Far East Africa

Dr. A. Schmid page 5

Pb Ca/Zn

South America

PVC Window Profiles: European Recipes

S-PVC & Modifier Germany France Great Britain Turkey CoPolymer CaCO9 [phr] 99 9 . .9 99 9 . .9 99 9 . .9 9 .9 TiO9 [phr] 99( 99 . . ) 99( 99 . . ) 99( 99 . . ) min. 9 .9

+ + + +

+
+ 9 9

Pb stabiliser: 4.5 5.5 phr Ca-based stabiliser: 3.5 4.5 phr

Dr. A. Schmid page 6

PVC Window Profiles: Overseas Recipes

USA
S-PVC, k-value 68 CPE Acrylate Modifier CaCO3 TiO2 Stabiliser Processing Aid 6.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 5.0 10.0 5.0 100

China
100 7.0 9.0

Sn: 2.5 3.5

1.0

Pb: 4.5 5.5

0.5 1.5
Dr. A. Schmid page 7

Situation for PVC Stabilisers Vinyl 2010

Voluntary Commitment of the European PVC Industry concerning Lead reduction (Initiative Vinyl 2010) Targets for decrease of Lead consumption (based on year 2000 levels) 15% by 2005 50% by 2010 100% by 2015
Dr. A. Schmid page 8

Situation for PVC Stabilisers REACH

REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals) to come into force 01.06.2007 Lead based stabilisers expected to be phased out in the EU within 2010 2012 Threats expected for certain Tin stabilisers Baerlocher Calcium based stabilisers are designed to pass REACH process
Dr. A. Schmid page 9

Lead versus Calcium based Cefic Figures

99 9 9 9 9 9 Consumption [%] 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 Pb 99 99 Ca/Zn
Dr. A. Schmid page 10

Forecast

99 99

99 99

99 99

99 99

Stabilisers for PVC Profiles: Forecast

Europe North America Asia

Pb Sn Ca/Zn
Dr. A. Schmid page 11

Stabilisers for PVC Pipes & Fittings: Forecast

North America

Europe

Pb Sn Ca/Zn Ca-org.

Middle East

Far East

South America

Africa
Dr. A. Schmid page 12

Stabilisers for PVC Cables & Wires: Forecast

North America

Europe Middle East Far East

Pb Ca/Zn

South America

Africa
Dr. A. Schmid page 13

Calcium based Stabilisers

Calcium based Stabilisers is a common name for all stabilisers without Pb, Ba, Cd (and Sn) Available systems: - Based on Polyols and Metal Soaps - Based on Hydrotalcite - Based on Ca/Al-Hydroxy phosphite - Based on Zeolite All of these need further co-stabilisers, anti-oxidants and lubricants in varying amounts

Dr. A. Schmid page 14

Evolution of Calcium based Stabilisers for Profiles

Base Stabiliser 1980s Metal Soaps + Polyols Zeolite Dosage 6.0 7.0 phr Stabilisation Costs 3 Pb

1990s

5.5 6.0 phr 2 Pb 4.5 5.0 phr 3.5 4.5 phr 3.0 4.0 phr 1.3 Pb similar to Pb
Dr. A. Schmid page 15

Layered Compounds 2000 2005

New Generation Latest Generation

Latest Calcium based Stabilisers

General Advantages:

- reduced dosage and costs - rheology and stabilisation according to

customers needs

- possible incorporation of processing aid - potential melt products

Dr. A. Schmid page 16

Calcium based Melt Products

Advantages: Desired, well-known product form Dust-free Good flowability, easy dosage Good handling properties (transport, storage) Excellent dispersability Challenges: Sensitive production procedure Raw materials limitations
Dr. A. Schmid page 17

Physical Properties of Stabiliser Compounds

99 , 99 , 99 ,

~99 .

60%

Bulk density

99 ,

[g/cm9 ]

9 00 , 00 , 00 , 00 , 9

~99 .

Pb

Ca/Zn
Dr. A. Schmid page 18

Specific Gravity of Dryblends

S-PVC 100.00 E-ST 5D 7.00 Filler 10.00 TiO2 3.50 Pb (Old Gen) 5.90 Ca/Zn (New Gen) / 100.00 7.00 10.00 3.50 / 3.75 phr phr phr phr phr

99 , 99 ,

-2
99 . 9

%
99 . 9

Specific gravity

99 , 99 ,

[g/cm 9 ]

9 00 , 00 , 00 , 00 , 9

Pb

Ca/Zn
Dr. A. Schmid page 19

Pb and Ca/Zn Dry Blends

M ixing C urves
99 9

99 9

99 9

Amps

9 9

9 9

9 9

9 9

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 99 9 99 9 99 9 99 9

Tem arature C p
P D Blend b ry C a/Zn D B ry lend

Dr. A. Schmid page 20

Melting characteristics of Pb v Ca Organic tablet stabilisers

Dr. A. Schmid page 21

PVC Profile Formulations

White Window Profile Pb PVC Acrylic Modifier Filler Pigment Stabiliser 100 7.0 7.0 3.0 5.4 Ca/Zn 100 7.0 7.0 3.0 3.8 Brown Technical Profile Pb 100 6.9 10.0 3.6 5.2 Ca/Zn 100 6.9 10.0 3.6 3.7 Ca/Zn colour 100 6.9 10.0 3.6 3.1

Dr. A. Schmid page 22

Artificial Weathering: XENO-TEST

9 9 9 [b-value] 9 9 9 9 9 99 9 99 99 99 99 [Hours] Pb Ca/Zn 99 99 99 99 99 99
Dr. A. Schmid page 23

White Window Profile

Natural Weathering: BANDOL (Southern France)

9 9 9 [b-Value] 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 [Months] Pb Ca/Zn 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

White Window Profile

Dr. A. Schmid page 24

Artificial Weathering: QUV-TEST

Dark Brown Technical Profile
0h 1000 h 2000 h Pb

Ca/Zn

Ca/Zn colour
Dr. A. Schmid page 25

Artificial Weathering: QUV-TEST

Brown Technical Profile
0h 500 h 1000 h Pb

Ca/Zn

Ca/Zn colour
Dr. A. Schmid page 26

Conclusion - Trends for Calcium based Stabilisers

Technical solutions with Ca-based stabilisers exist Ca-based stabilisers already price competitive with Pb-based stabilisers Baerlocher is engaged to adjust Ca-based stabilisers to REACH Baerlocher introduces Ca-based stabilisers as melt pastilles Competent adaptation of coloured Ca/Zn-recipes and pigments generates an improved weatherability, compared to Pbsystems
Dr. A. Schmid page 27