Presentation on Dyeing and Printing Techniques

By: Aprajita Deep Lekshamy Raj

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Dyeing
Dying can be done during any stage in manufacture of a textile product. Textiles may be dyed as fiber, as yarn, as fabric, or as garments. Dyeing processes may take place at any of several stages of the manufacturing process. Dyeing process can be applied on stages like:- Fiber - Yarn - Garment - Fabric/piece

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Fiber Dyeing
Its is of two types Stock dyeing and Top dyeing a) STOCK DYEING:

Stock dyeing refers to the dyeing of fibers or stock before it is spun into yarn. It is done by putting loose, un-spun fibers into large vats containing the dye bath, which is then heated to 5/3/12 proper temperature.

Example:

Wool fiber dyed black, might be blended and spun with undyed(white) wool fiber to produce a soft heather like shade of gray yarn.

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b) TOP DYEING:

Top dyeing is also the dyeing of fiber before it is spun into yarn and serves the same purpose as stock dyeing that is to produce soft, heather like color effects. The term top refers to fibers of wool from which shorter fibers have been removed. Top is thus the select long fibers that are used to spin worsted yarn. The top in the form of sliver is dyed

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A waste of money if all the fibers, both short and long were dyed before being made into sliver and then some of them were removed prior to the making of top. Some typical top dye fabrics include gabardine, worsted cheviot and serge.

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Garment Dyeing

Garment dyeing is the dyeing of completed garments. The types of apparel that can be dyed are mostly non- tailored and simpler forms, such as sweaters, sweatshirts, t-shirts, hosiery and pantyhose.
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Yarn Dyeing

YARN dyeing as its name implies is the dyeing of yarns before they have been woven or knitted into fabrics. The main reason for the dyeing of yarn is for the ultimate production of multicolored designs such as plaids, stripes and checks. Yarns may be dyed in different forms skein dyeing, package dyeing, beam 5/3/12 dyeing

a)

SKEIN DYEING: Skein dyeing consists of immersing large, loosely wound hanks (skeins) of yarn into dye vats that are especially designed for this purpose. Soft, lofty yarns, such as handknitted yarns are usually skein dyed. Skein dyeing is the most costly yarn dye method

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b) PACKAGE DYEING:

In package dyeing yarn is wound on a small perforated spool or tube called a package. Many spools fit into the dyeing machine in which the flow of the dye bath alternates from the centre to the outside and then from the outside to the center of the package. Package-dyed yarns do not retain 5/3/12 the softness and loftiness that skein

c) BEAM DYEING:

Beam dyeing is a much larger version of package dyeing. An entire warp is wound onto a perforated cylinder which is then placed in the beam-dyeing machine, where the flow of the dye bath alternates as in package dyeing. Beam dyeing is more economical than skein or package dyeing.

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Piece Dyeing

The dyeing of cloth after it has been woven or knitted is known as piece dyeing. When heavy or densely woven fabrics, or tightly or twisted yarn fabrics, are piece dyed, sometimes the dye does not penetrate into the center of yarn material. The condition, known simply as poor penetration.
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a) Jet dyeing:

In the jet dyeing process the fabric being dyed is circulated in a rope form through a closed system dyeing machine on a jet flow of the dye bath. The fabric is moved by the fast moving dye bath. Since no pressure and little tension occur with the material, even delicate fabrics can be dyed using this process.
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b) Jig dyeing:

The jig dyeing process involves treating fabric in open width. Fabric is not immersed in a dye bath, but rather passed through a stationary dye bath. Upon completion of the first pass, the fabric reverses and is passed again through the dye bath. To produce darker colors the fabric must pass through the dye bath more times than when a lighter shade is 5/3/12

c) PAD DYEING:

Pad dyeing is accomplished with a machine called a dye pad. Its appearance somewhat resembles a giant clothes wringer. Fabric in open width first passes through the dye bath and then through the rollers where the dye solution is squeezed into the fabric.
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d) BEAM DYEING:

Beam dyeing for piece dyeing is practically identical to beam dyeing used for yarns Fabric is wound on to a perforated cylinder where the dye bath is forced through the fabric layers. The fabric remains stationary. The process is used to dye fabrics of light weight, open constructions because the dye bath cannot circulate through a beam of densely 5/3/12

PRINTING
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The application of colorant in definite, repeated patterns to fabric, yarn or sliver.

The different methods of printing include : Hand screen, automatic screen, rotary screen, roller and heat transfer.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

Each method can be used to print one or more print types.

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There are Three Methods of Printing: Screen Printing Roller Printing Heat-Transfer Printing

1.

1.

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Screen Printing

This printing involves coating of a screen fabric (made

of nylon, polyester, or metal tightly mounted on a wooden or metal frame) with an opaque nonporous film with the design areas cut out of it.
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TYPE OF SCREEN PRINTING

TYPE OF SCREEN PRINTING INCLUDE :

1. FLATBED SCREEN-HAND OR AUTOMATIC 2. ROTARY SCREEN

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Flatbed

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Process:
Printing takes place in three steps. 1. First, ink is poured on the screen, and the screen is moved into position over the substrate.
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rotary

A rotary printing press is a printing press in which the images to be printed are curved around a cylinder. Printing can be done on large number of substrates. Substrates can be sheet feed or unwound on a continuous roll through the press to 5/3/12 printed and further modified if be

Roller Printing

In this printing method, the design is put onto fabric by copper engraved rollers or cylinders.

A separate engraved roller is required for each color. Copper rollers can be engraved 5/3/12

Diagrammatic Representation

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Heat-Transfer Printing

This is also called thermal transfer printing. In this method the design is first printed on paper with printing inks containing

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