influence origin outcome

Cause
connection consequence

reason
relationship

effect
factor

Result

impact

To contribute
To result from To play a part in To attribute to To bring about

To cause To result in To affect To create To lead to To blame

To be associated with
To be responsible for

As a result of +cause Because of + Cause Due to +cause On account of +cause

Thanks to +cause

As + cause So +cause Because + cause If + cause Since + cause

So + cause that + effect

As a result + effect Consequently + effect For this reason + effect Hence + effect Therefore + effect

Thus + effect

As a result + effect Consequently + effect For this reason + effect Hence + effect Therefore + effect

Thus + effect

In the following sentences, do the following three steps: (1) circle the Cause and Effect Markers; (2) highlight each cause and mark it with a C; (3) underline each effect and mark it with an E. A great deal of pollution is caused by power plants that produce electricity by burning coal. Because of a severe storm in the area, our plan was three hours late taking off. The prices of new cars are forcing many people to keep their old cars longer than they used to. On account of the bad weather, the baseball game has been canceled. The police have identified a number of factors that contribute to traffic accidents, including alcohol, speeding, and mechanical failure.

 A lack of rain is creating problems for farmers. Their crops are not growing well. In the late twentieth century, there was an enormous increase in the percentage of female students in U.S. medical schools and law schools. This was partly due to a change in societys attitude toward women. In the 1990s, world oil prices fell and stayed low. This brought about an improvement in the economies of countries that import oil. Some human diseases have been associated with chemicals in the environment. Two months ago, a large factory closed down. This result in fifteen hundred people losing their jobs.

Attribute blamed bring about contributed to factors lead to link

consequences responsible for thanks to

Immediately after the Titanic sank, newspapers ______________ the ships owners for the disaster. Most experts agree that a number of ______________ played a part in the sinking of the Titanic in 1912. In 1940, only 15 percent of married women in the United States had jobs outside the home. By 1980, the figure had risen to over 50 percent. To what can we ______________ this major change in womens lives? Some diseases for example, AIDS are often associated with peoples behavior. Therefore, a basic question for preventive medicine is this: How can we ______________ changes in behavior?

 Research has shown that alcohol is ______________ a large number of traffic death. ______________ advances in medical science, diseases that used to kill millions of children a year are no longer a danger in many countries. The talks between the employees and the company are continuing. Both sides hope that the discussions will ______________ a satisfactory agreement. Improvements in diagnosis and treatment have ______________ the falling death rate from cardiovascular disease. Actions can have ______________ we dont intend. For example, we used DDT to kill harmful insects, but then the pesticide entered the food chain and killed birds and animals. Research has shown the ______________ between smoking and increased risk of heart disease.