Blood components and their function

BIS, Grade 8, Biology

Lesson overview
Answer the warm up questions on the worksheet Discuss as a large group your ideas about blood. Organization of the work phases Independent study: work alone to identify relevant facts on blood components based on a reading. 5. Group work: Share your findings and will work in their groups to solve a graphic organizer based on their individual reading. 6. Whole class review of the graphic organizer 1. 2. 3. 4.

Blood facts
the average human has 5 litres of blood, which is approximately 8% of an it is a transporting fluid

adult's body mass. Difference is mainly due to the differences in body size.

it carries vital substances to all parts of the body

Blood facts II
Its mean temperature is 38 degrees Celsius. It has a pH of 7.35-7.45, making it slightly basic. Blood in the arteries is a brighter red than blood in the veins because of the higher levels of oxygen found in the arteries. An artificial substitute for human blood has not been found.

Blood composition

What makes up our blood?

RED BLOOD CELLS (Erythrocytes) The most abundant cells in our blood; they are produced in the bone marrow and contain a protein called hemoglobin that carries oxygen to our cells. WHITE BLOOD CELLS (Leukocytes) They are part of the immune system and destroy infectious agents called pathogens. PLASMA This is the yellowish liquid portion of blood that contains electrolytes, nutrients and vitamins, hormones, clotting factors, and proteins such as antibodies to fight infection. PLATELETS (Thrombocytes) The clotting factors that are carried in the plasma; they clot together in a process called coagulation to seal a wound and prevent a loss of blood.

Blood Facts
The average adult has about FIVE liters of blood inside of their body, which makes up 7-8% of their body weight.
Blood is living tissue that carries oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body, and carries carbon dioxide and other waste products back to the lungs, kidneys and liver for disposal. It also fights against infection and helps heal wounds, so we can stay healthy. There are about one billion red blood cells in two to three drops of blood. For every 600 red blood cells, there are about 40 platelets and one white cell.

Blood

plasma (55%)

blood cells (45%)

Components

water (92%)

dissolved particles (8%) proteins, fats, vitamins, urea, glucose, minerals,

red blood cells (= erythrocytes)

live about 120 days; 4 -5 millions per ml of blood; made in the bone marrow

white blood cells (= lykocyctes)

life span 3 -4 days; 4-10 thousand per ml of blood.

platelets (= thrombocytes)
life span under 7 days; 200 400 thousand per ml of blood

transport of nutrients, waste products and blood cells

Function

transport of oxygen

defending the body against pathogens (immune system)

blood clotting and repair of damaged tissue

Human blood smear

X 500

plasma (55%) red blood cells (5-6-million /ml) white blood cells (5000/ml) platelets

Plasma

liquid part of blood

plasma transports: soluble food molecules waste products hormones antibodies

White blood cells

the bodies defence part of the immune system much larger than RBCs far fewer have a nucleus 4000-13000 per mm3 2 types phagocytes and lymphocytes

Platelets if you get cut: platelets produce tiny fibrin threads these form a web-like mesh that traps blood cells. these harden forming a clot, or "scab." 150,000 to 400,000 per mm3

Blood clotting

 Haemophilia (also spelled hemophilia) is genetic disorders that impair the body's ability to control blood clotting

Haemophilia has featured prominently in European royalty and thus is sometimes known as "the royal disease".

Like most X chromosome disorders, haemophilia is more likely to occur in males than females.

Queen Victoria passed haemophilia on to some of her descendants.

RBCs and a WBC

 The number of leukocytes in the Leukemia (American English) or leukaemia blood is often an (British English) is a indicator of disease. type of cancer of the

blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal increase of white blood cells. Due to the increased production, the bone marrow is unable to produce healthy WBCs.

Red blood cells specialisations

1) biconcave shape 2) no nucleus extra space inside 3) contain haemoglobin the oxygen carrying molecule 250million molecules / cell

increases the surface area so more oxygen can be carried

Haemoglobin
gives red blood cells their colour can carry up to 4 molecules of O2 associates and dissociates with O2 contains iron

Microscopic Views
Bird Blood Fish Blood

Horse Blood Cat Blood Frog Blood

Dog Blood

Human Blood

Snake Blood

Summary questions
Can you state the composition of Blood? state the function of red blood cells and plasma? explain the function of haemoglobin in the transport of oxygen? state the function of WBCs? explain how blood clotting works?

Blood pie chart

Water
50.6 (92% of 55)

Dissolved particles RBC WBC Platelets

4.4

42.75 (95% of 45)

1.125 (2.5 % of 45)

1.125