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UniKL ID
and Sn.
to
Acids react
with
carbonates
to
and water.
2HCl(aq)+CaCO3(s)
CO2(g)+CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
HCl(aq)+
NaHCO3(s)
Write the products of the following reactions of acids. A. Zn(s) + HCl(aq) B. MgCO3(s) + HCl(aq)
Acid
3)
4)
Because
base all completely ionize, the net equation for the neutralization reaction is
H3O+ + OH the
H2O
pH of salt is 7 (neutral)
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Neutralization of HCN and NaOH Example : HCN + NaOH acid base NaCN + H2O salt water
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Because
base
NH3
NH4Cl + H2O
salt
water
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Because
hydrocyanate and ammonia Example : HCN + NH3 acid base NH4CN + H2O salt water
16
17
Write the balanced equation for the neutralization of magnesium hydroxide and nitric acid.
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19
Write the neutralization reactions for the following: A. HCl (aq) and Al(OH)3(aq)
B. C. D.
Ba(OH)2(aq) and H3PO4(aq) HCl (aq) and Al(OH)3 (aq) HCl (aq) and Mg(OH)2(aq)
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The process in which the titrant is slowly added to the analyte until the
Titrant
equivalence concentration
point of
is the
Analyte
The point in a titration at which the quantity of titrant is exactly sufficient for
+ 2H2O
using indicator.
The more the end point close to the equivalent point, the more accurate of the titration result.
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pH of solution can
indicate with :
a)
b)
pH meter
pH indicator
Indicator
In acid
In neutral
in base
Methyl orange
Bromophenol blue Methyl red & Methyl orange Litmus Bromothymol blue phenolphtalein
pink
yellow pink
orange
green orange
yellow
Biru yellow
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MacidVacid
mole of acid
mole of base
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Mbase Vbase
Example 1: 10.0 mL of a solution of potassium hydroxide was completely react with a 0.10 M solution of hydrochloric acid. 13.5 mL of the acid
Equation : HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) Balance : HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) Equation 1 mole HCl react with 1 mol NaOH Available mole acid : Mole = MV / 1000 = 0.1 x 13.5 / 1000 = 1.35 x 10-3 mole
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1.35 x 10-3 mole HCl react with 1.35 x 10-3 mole NaOH Concentration of NaOH, M = mole/ L = 1.35 x10 = 0.14 M
-3
mole / 0.01 L
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25.0 mL of phosphoric acid solution is fully neutralized with 16.2 mL of 1.025 M NaOH. What is the molarity of the H3PO4 ?
34
Equation
3 mole NaOH react with 1 mole H3PO4
16.2ml, 1.025 M = 16.2 x 1.025/1000 = 0.0166 mole NaOH 0.0166 mole NaOH =1/3x 0.0166 mole H3PO4
What volume of 1.45 M sodium hydroxide is necessary to completely neutralize 50 mL of 0.78 M phosphoric acid ?
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Na3PO4 (aq)+ H2O (l) Balance : 3NaOH(aq)+H3PO4 (aq) Na3PO4 (aq)+ 3H2O (l) Equation
1 mole H3PO4 react with 3 mole NaOH 50 mL, 0.78 M H3PO4 = 0.039 mole H3PO4
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M = mole / L
L = 0.117 / 1.45 = 0.081 L
= 81 mL
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1) 50mL of 0.2 M NaOH neutralized 20mL of sulfuric acid. Determine the concentration of the acid. (Ans: 0.25M)
41
At the equivalence point of an acid-base titration the equivalents of acid equals the equivalents of base:
(a) Calculate the normality of the unknown acid. (b) What is the molarity of the unknown acid if one mole of acid reacts two moles of base in the neutalization process?
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(a) equivalents of acid = equivalents of base VacidNacid = VbaseNbase Therefore Nacid = (20.0 mL)(0.125 N)/(10.0 mL) = 0.250 N (b) Macid = 0.250 N/2 = 0.125 M
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45
1)
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1)
What volume of 0.25M phosphoric acid is required to neutralize 30.0mL of 0.05M barium hydroxide? (ans: 4 mL)
2)
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48
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Calculate the concentration of a nitric acid solution if a 20 ml sample of the acid required an average volume of 55
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Given information Volume Acid = 20 ml Volume Base (average) = 55 ml Concentration of Base = 0.047 mol/l
MV (acid) / MV (base) = 2/1 M acid = 0.258 M
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If 3.12 mmol of Bi(OH)3 are completely neutralized by 25.00 mL of H2SO4 solution. Calculate the normality and the molarity of the H2SO4 solution.(Ans: 0.3744 N and 0.1872
M)
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MV MV
base acid
2 3
A 0.243 g sample containing Ca(OH)2 was titrated with 22.7 mL of a 0.109 N solution of HCl. Calculate the weight % of Ca(OH)2 in the sample.
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Equivalents of acid = Equivalents of base in the neutralization reaction, Equivalents of base, Ca(OH)2 = 2.4743 x 10-3
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A 0.336 g sample containing oxalic acid H2C2O4 was titrated with 17.7 mL of a 0.0996 N NaOH solution. Calculate weight % of oxalic acid in the sample
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Equivalent of NaOH : N = Eq / L Eq = N x L =0.0996 x 0.017.7 = 1.7629 x 10-3 Equivalents of acid = Equivalents of base in the neutralization reaction Equivalents of acid, H2C2 O4 = 1.7629 x 10-3
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H2C2 O4
% wt of H2C2 O4 in sample = 0.07935 / 0.336 x 100 = 23.6 %
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A 15.0 N mL sample of an acid requires 37.3 mL of 0.303 N NaOH for neutralization. Calculate the normality of the acid.
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VacidNacid = VbaseNbase
15 (N) = 37.3 x 0.303
= 11.3079
N = 11.3079 / 15 = 0.753
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If 900.4 mg of the diprotic acid, oxalic acid (H2C2O4) is exactly neutralized by 24.10 mL of NaOH solution. Calculate the normality of the NaOH solution (ans: 0.8299 N)
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Equivalents of acid = Equivalents of base in the neutralization reaction Equivalents of acid, H2C2 O4
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If take 32.75 mL of 0.1835 NaOH to titrate 23.42 mL of HCl solution. Calculate the normality of the HCl solution (ans: 0.2566 N)
65
VacidNacid = VbaseNbase
23.42 (N) = 32.75 x 0.1835
= 6.0096
= 11.3079 / 23.42
= 0.2566
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Vinegar is an aqueous solution of acetic acid, CH3COOH. Suppose you titrate a 20.9 mL sample of vinegar with 31.27
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a) Calculate
sample.
c) Calculate
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A 0.42 gram sample of acetylsalicylic acid (C9H8O4 , aspirin) is crushed and dissolved in water. The sample is titrated with 0.160
a) Calculate the number of moles of acetylsalicylic acid. b) Calculate the mass of ascorbic acid in the sample. c) Calculate the % purity of the sample
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