Basics of Telecommunications and Networking

Lecture Plan
Network Architecture Network standards and open systems Virtual private network Network management system

Networking
A network is a group of interconnected systems which share services and interact with each other by means of a shared communication link. These systems can be located anywhere.

Network is often classified according to its geographical size.

Classification of Network
The most common classifications of networks are: Local Area Networks (LAN) Wide Area Networks (WAN) Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) Personal Area Networks (PAN)

Local Area Networks

Computer network connecting computers and other devices in a workgroup, department, building or campus.

Wide Area Networks

Connects BNs and MANs and are usually leased from interexchange carriers. Typically span hundreds or thousands of miles. Supports data rates of 28.8 Kbps to 2 Gbps.

Wide Area Networks

Metropolitan Area Networks

Is a telecommunication network that connects users and their computers in a geographical area This area is larger than covered by a LAN but smaller than covered by WAN. E.g City or college campus

Personal Area Networks

A network that supports the interconnection of information technology within a range of 33 feet or so.

What is Internet?
1. The Internet is The Network of Networks 2. Internet is like a phone system which connects( almost anywhere in the world), Exchanges information Acts as Global link between regional networks Allows unrestricted access 3. Used for Communication through email, Chatting News groups, Files transfer Documents, data (multimedia )sharing etc

Internet: An Illustration

Model of Internet Setup

Media Education Finance Computers Real Estate

Health

Internet
Business

Government

Universities

User

Server Client

Email application
Server Client Client

Email client sends message to server

Message is stored on POP server

Later, recipients email client retrieves message from server

Internet
Publicly accessible network of interconnected computers which communicate via software protocol standards Easily accessed (via modem and phone line, ISDN, direct cable landline, satellite) Expanding global infrastructure

Intranet
It is an internal corporate network built using Internet and World Wide Web standards and products. It is used by employees to gain access to company information

Extranet
A network based on web technologies that links selected resources of a companys intranet with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners.

To summarize
Type
Internet

Users
Anyone Employees & Managers Business partners

Need of user id and password No

Intranet
Extranet

Yes
Yes

Virtual Private Network

It is used for secure intranet and extranet access applications. A VPN is a secure connection between two points across the Internet.

VPN - Layout
ISP
Tunnel

ISP

Firewall (data Encoded)

Firewall (data Encoded)

Sending Computer

Receiving Computer

Computer Network topology

A communications network is two or more computers connected to share data and resources are networked. The simple idea behind computer networking is to allow users to access more information and give them access to devices not directly attached to their local system, such as printers or storage devices.

Computer Networks
Network connections can also be made using RADIO transmission Wireless. Allows user to stay connected to their home/office network using portable PC or PDA or may be Cell phone. Two Technologies that use wireless networking Bluetooth (for home or small office use) and wireless Ethernet.

Local Area Networks3 basic topologies

These are either the logical or physical way the computers are connected. Each connection on the network is known as a node.

These topologies are: Star Bus Ring Mesh [ Partially connected, Fully connected ] Tree

Server

A Star topology connects all the nodes directly to the server or to a connecting device such as a hub.

Server

All nodes on a Bus topology are connected to a central line or backbone.

Server

Nodes on a Ring topology are connected in a closed loop. This means that each node has two connections, one in and another out. Using this type of topology the data must travel through all the nodes.