BASIC AND RECOMMENDED VACCINATION IN INDONESIA

VACCINATION

BASIC

RECOMMENDED

CHILDREN

TRAVELLERS

ADULTS

BCG

TYPHOID FEVER

MMR

HEPATITIS A

POLIO

YELLOW FEVER

VARICELA

HEPATITIS B

DTP

JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS

TETANUS

INFLUENZA

HEPATITIS B

PNEUMOCOCCAL

MENINGOCOCCAL

GERMAN MEASLES

VACCINATION
Passive immunization occurs when preformed antibodies are passed to a recipient. It is a process of stimulating protective adaptive immune system against microbes by exposure to non pathogenic forms or components of the microbes

HOW VACCINE WORK?

Vaccines induce a primary adative immune response in the host establishing immunological memory

host re-exposed, a secondary response develops

Antibodies elicited by vaccines In a number of ways:

1) antibodies can prevent microorganisms binding to receptor on cells

2) antibodies activate compliment and opsonize pathogens for phagocytosis

3) antibodies can neutralize exotoxins produced by pathogens

vaccines aim to produce memory B cell and Th2 cells, which together produce high-titer antibody on exposure to the pathogens or its toxin

TYPES OF VACCINATION
KILLED VACCINE
preparations of the normal infectious, pathogenic virus that has been rendered nonpathogenic

ATTENUATED VACCINE
live virus particles that grow in the vaccine recipient but do not cause disease because the vaccine has been altered to a nonpathogenic form

SUB-UNIT VACCINE

DNA VACCINE

purified components of the virus such as surface antigens

influenza vaccine, pertussis

polio, BCG and MMR

usually harmless viruses into which a gene for a protective antigen has been spliced. The protective antigen is then made in the vaccine recipient to elicit an immune system.

BASIC VACCINATION
Indonesia Expanded Program on Immunization for children (EPI) Childhood immunization including immunity by applying a vaccine almost guarantees protection from many major diseases. Childhood vaccination prevents 2 millions deaths per year worldwide and is widely considered to be overwhelmingly good by the scientific community Depends on disease pattern of Indonesia and funds that allocated by government to health sector

BCG
WHO 2004, incident rate of TBC in 2002 is 555 000 cases (256 cases/100 000 citizens) and 46% of them are new cases. Indonesia is the third country with high TBC cases after India and China. Every year, in Indonesia the number of new TB cases is increasing about million and approximately 140 000 patients died because of TBC. Prevalence of TBC in Indonesia is very high compulsory to vaccinate children with BCG vaccination to prevent spreading of TBC among them.

Vaccines

Protection to

Contents

Age

Normal reaction

Side effects Lymphadenitis

BCG

TBC

Attenuated

0-

vaccines

3months

Scar

Osteomyelitis Systemic

POLIO
Polio virus very dangerous because it can cause paralysis even death to children Very contagious, always infects children under five years old especially with poor hygiene and immunization programs. Indonesia is the 16th country which is re-infected with polio. It is very important to have polio vaccination among childhood to prevent Indonesia from becoming the virus exporter to other countries especially East Asia

Vaccines

Protection to

Contents
Attenuated vaccines

Age

Normal reaction

Side effects

Polio

poliomyelitis

Neonates

None

Diarrhea

DTP
Diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (whooping cough) vaccination are important because complication of these disease can cause death. Children fatality rate is high before this vaccination is given to people

Vaccines

Protection to

Contents

Age

Normal reaction

Side effects

Diphtheria DTP Tetanus Pertussis

Toxoid Toxoid Killed vaccines 6 weeks

Fever in 24 hours

Encephalopathy seizure

HEPATITIS B
Epidemiogically Indonesia is among the medium to high prevalence of hepatitis B in the world. Hepatitis B has a lot of complication, Infection of hepatitis B virus is the world health problems. Approximately 350 millions people in the world are the carrier of the virus and 78% among them are Asians. With the vaccination to children the number of carriers can be decrease

Vaccines

Protection to

Contents

Age reaction

Normal Side effects

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B

GERMAN MEASLES
Indonesia: German measles immunization program has been started since 1984 by giving one dosage of vaccine for 9 months old babies. This vaccination is given because German measles can spread easily via airborne Vaccination stop the transmission and spreading of this virus

Vaccines German measles

Protection to

Contents

Age >6-9 months

Normal reaction Fever Light rash

Side effects

Morbilli

Attenuated virus

encephalopathy

RECOMMENDED VACCINATION
Adults recommended vaccination less concern compare to children immunization even there are lots of disease and death that can be prevent by vaccination. 2003, Perhimpunan Dokter Speasialis Penyakit Dalam Indonesia (PAPDI) has created a consensus Immunization for Adultsadults will concern the benefits of immunization.

RECEMMENDED VACCINATION
INFLUENZA Influenza vaccination is been given every year Every adult got full to adults who is above vaccination of 3 primer PNEUMOCOCCAL fifties, chronic lungs Adults who are born dosage from diphtheria before 1957 get nature disease, old folks home This vaccination is given and toxoid tetanus. If immunization. For residents, metabolic to adult who has they have not been chronic disease (heart adults who born after disease, medical vaccine yet, so primer 1957 has to take 1 workers, kidney failure failure, kidney failure, dosage of tetanus dosage of MMR and so on. This vaccine diabetes mellitus, and vaccination will be vaccine. High risk adults is highly recommended alcoholic). given with booster have to take 2 dosage to adults who want to vaccination every 10 of vaccination go for Hajj where the years exposure to influenza is very high TETANUS MEASLES, MUMPS AND RUBELLA (MMR)

RECOMMENDED VACCINATION
HEPATITIS A This vaccination is given to adult who is high risk to the exposure to the virus e.g. caterer, and who wants the vaccination e.g. drugs abuser, homosexual person, liver disease. Person who always travels is highly recommended to take this vaccination

HEPATITIS B
Aim of this vaccination is want to prevent the spreading of the virus. Besides it also want to decrease the number of hepatitis B carrier in the world. High risk group to this virus are medical workers, blood transfusion, HIV patients and so on MENINGOCOCCAL VARISELA

It is recommended to It is compulsory to medical workers, adults who want to go immunocompromised for Hajj. It is also person, schools, recommended to adult military and travelers. who is asplenic either It has 2 dosages of anatomic or functional vaccination

YELLOW FEVER WHO has make this vaccination as a must to travelers who travels to endemic place in Asia and stay more than 30 days or live there especially in rural area. Booster vaccination is every 10 years.

TYPHOID FEVER
It is recommended to food caterer or the one who sell foods. Besides it also recommended to travelers who travel to endemic place of typhoid fever. It has to revaccination every 3 years.

JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS
WHO has make this vaccination as a must to travelers who travels to endemic place in Asia and stay more than 30 days or live there especially in rural area. Booster vaccination is every 10 years.

TRAVELLERS

CONCLUSION
high prevalence and high risk of contagious diseases in Indonesia children and adults are highly recommended to go for vaccination For children they have to receive basic vaccination via Expended Program on Vaccination. This program tries to make Indonesia free from contagious diseases and almost guarantees protection from many major diseases. As a result children in Indonesia can growth well besides have a better future. For adults they are recommended to go for recommended vaccination as a health promotion to get a better living. As we know nowadays adults recommended vaccination can prevent lots of disease and death