CAPACITIVE SENSOR

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INTRODUCTION
PURPOSE
In this work, capacitive sensor could be made

of Alumina, Iron, silver made respectively then we measure respective sensitivity on different temperature of gases of CO2 , CO, Alcohol etc FUNCTION

Capacitance change will convert into

frequecncy with help of 555 TIMER then interface with ATmega16 get output. We will Cheak there output and display their concentration level in digital form after processing of analog signal into digital , show LOVELY PROFESSIONAL 4/25/12 result on LCD or on PC . UNIVERSITY

COMPONENT S
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

DIODE-1N4001 IC 7805 -VOLTAGE REGULATE NE 555 TIMER ATmega16 MICROCONTROLLER RESISTOR LCD-162A CAPACITIVE GAS SENSOR
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IC 7805 The 78xx REGULATOR circuits family is commonly used in electronic

requiring a regulated power supply due to their ease-of-use and low cost.

Pin diagram for 7805 1. Unregulated voltage in 2. Ground 3. Regulated voltage out

7805 provides +5V regulated power supply

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LCD-162A
In this project LCD is working in 8-bit mode i.e.,

the data transferred to the LCD must be in 8-bit data form. pins of LCD and is defined as LCD_DATA. Port-B is defined as control pins (Rs, R/W and En). market today are 1 Line, 2 Line or 4 Line LCDs which have only 1 controller and support at most of 80 charachers, whereas LCDs supporting more than 80 characters make use of 2 HD44780 controllers.

The Port-C of ATmega16 is connected to data

The most commonly used LCDs found in the

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LCD-PIN DESCRIPTION
Pin No. Pin no. 1 Pin no. 2 Pin no. 3 Pin no. 4 Name VSS VCC VEE RS Description Power supply (GND) Power supply (+5V) Contrast adjust 0 = Instruction input 1 = Data input 0 = Write toLCDmodule 1 = Read fromLCDmodule Enable signal Data bus line 0 (LSB) Data bus line 1 Data bus line 2 Data bus line 3 Data bus line 4 Data bus line 5 Data bus line 6

Pin no. 5

R/W

Pin no. 6 Pin no. 7 Pin no. 8 Pin no. 9 Pin no. 10 Pin no. 11 Pin no. 12 Pin no. 13 Pin no. 14

EN D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6

Data bus LOVELYD7 PROFESSIONAL line 7 (MSB) UNIVERSITY

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Ne 555 timer The 555 monolithic timing circuit is a

highly stable controller capable of producing accurate time delays, or oscillation.
For a stable operation as an oscillator,

thefree running frequency and the duty cycle are both accuratelycontrolled with two external resistors and one capacitor

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MAX-232
The MAX232 IC is used to convert the

TTL/CMOS logic levels to RS232 logic levels during serial communication of microcontrollers with PC. The controller operates at TTL logic level (0-5V) whereas the serial communication in PC works on RS232 standards (-25 V to + 25V). MAX232. Itis a dual driver/receiver that includes a capacitive voltage generator to supply RS232 voltage levels from a single 5V supply.
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The intermediate link is provided through

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MAX-232
CIRCUIT -DIAGRAM

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RS232 SERIAL An RS-232 port was once a standard feature of a CABLE printers, personal computer for connections to modems,
mice, data storage, un-interruptible power supplies, and other peripheral devices. Equipment (DTE) or Data Communication Equipment (DCE); this defines at each device which wires will be sending and receiving each signal.
RS232 DB9 CIRCUIT RS-232 devices may be classified as Data Terminal

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ATmega16 Microcontroller can be termed as a single on chip computer CONTROLLER which includes number of peripherals like RAM, EEPROM,
Timers etc., required to perform some predefined task. instructions in single execution cycle. AVRs are about 4 times faster than PICs. four 8-bit general-purpose, digital I/O ports designated .PORTA, PORTB, PORTC, and PORTD.

FAST : AVR microcontroller executes most of the

PORT SYSTEM: The Atmel ATmega16 is equipped with

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PIN CONFIGURATION

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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TYPES SPEED

COMPARISO N
8051 Slow PIC Moderate Small CISC NotPresent Inbuilt NotPresent Large RISC Inbuilt Inbuilt Inbuilt

AVR Fast

MEMORY ARCHITECTURE ADC Timers PWMChannels

Large RISC Inbuilt Inbuilt Inbuilt

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NI Lab-VIEW
Lab VIEW is a graphical programming

environment used by millions of engineers and scientists to develop sophisticated measurement, test, and control systems using intuitive graphical icons and wires that resemble a flowchart.

USED : 1. Acquiring Data and Processing Signals.

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It is graphical programming LOVELY PROFESSIONAL that makes it 4/25/12 to take environment easy

WORKING
Firstly, Converting home supply into 12 V

with rectifier circuit then into + 5V using IC 7805. NE555 and Ve supply to 1st pin .

Then + 5V supply given to 8th pin of Output from 3rd pin

supplyNE555 to port B of Atmega 16BLthen connect with RS232 DB9 . change 4/25/12 see in

As capacitance change of gas sensor

correspondig voltage LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY LabView in PC.

APPLICATION
A.

Monitoring of combustibles, especially methane, and the early detection of fires. Most common use of alcoholic sensor is to manufacture breathalyzer. However, alcohol may have come from the mouth, throat or stomach for a number of reasons.

A.

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CONCLUSION
The project ALCOHOL DETECTOR has

been successfully designed and tested. It has been developed by integrating features of all the hardware components used. blossoming at a great pace. As wireless communication systems evolve, service quality and capacity are of primary importance.

Wireless communication industry is

transceivers LOVELY PROFESSIONAL increases all of these 4/25/12 UNIVERSITY challenges. Keeping all the above

The trend towards low power hand held

SNAPSHOT PROJECT

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