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Wheatstone Bridge
Direct current bridge is an instrument that used to measure the resistance or change in resistance and converts it to output current Accurate method for measuring resistance between 1 ~ 1M. This bridge circuit are also used in control circuit, when one arm of the bridge contains a resistive element that is sensitive to the physical parameters (Temp, Pressure , Load)
Wheatstone Bridge
It consists of : 2 parallel resistance branches, each branch contains two series elements (Resistance) DC volt is used as a power source
Null detector (Galvanometer)
I1 + R1 I2 R2
R4 I4
I1
I2 R
2
Va
Vb
or Vo 0
I3
R3
I4
R4
E - I 2 R2 E - I1 R1 I 2 R2 I1 R1 - - - - - - - - - -(5) I 4 R4 I 3 R3 - - - - - - - - - - - (6)
R
1
From 3 , 4
I1 I2
R
2
I 1 R1 I 2 R2 I 3 R3 I 4 R4 R1 R2 R3 R4 or R1 R4 R2 R3
I3
R I4
Example
Determine the value of unknown resistor Rx in Fig. assuming the balance condition
R1 12 K R2 15K R3 32 K R x ????
Solution At Balance Vo=0
+ R1 -
I1
I2 R2
Vo
a
R3
Rx
R3 Va I1 R3 - 0 E R1 R3 Vb I 2 R4 - 0 Vth Va - Vb R4 E R 2 R4
R2
a R3 R4 b
R3
R4 a
Vth E
R3 R4 -E R1 R3 R2 R4 R3 R4 -E ) R1 R3 R2 R4
R1R3 R1 R3
R2 R4 R2 R4
R1 R3 R2 R4 ) R1 R3 R2 R4
Vth
+ -
Load b
Example
Calculate the current through the galvanometer shown in Fig E 6V R1 1K R2 1.6K R3 3.5K R4 7.5K and Rgalv 200
I1 I2 R2 Rg
Solution
R3 R4 Vth E ( ) R1 R3 R4 R2 3.5 7.5 Vth 6 ( ) 0.276 Volt 3.5 1 7.5 1.6 R1 R3 R2 R4 Rth ( ) R1 R3 R2 R4
+ -
R1
a I3 R3
b R4 I4
(1) (3) (1.6)(7.5) Rth ( ) 2.097K 13 1.6 7.5 Vth I Galv Rth RLoad
I Galv