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Also known as lipids. Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Insoluble in water.
Food sources visible = oils, butter, margarine, lard, & shortening. invisible = marbling in meats, olives, cheese, nuts.
Glycerol
Stearic Acid
Oleic Acid
Structure of Fats
Glycerides - contain a molecule of glycerol with either one (mono-) two (di-) or three (triglyceride) fatty acids attached to it.
Triglycerides contain a mixture of more than one type of fatty acid.
Fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated.
Mixed Triglyceride
Trans-fatty acids
Firmness
Saturated fats are solid at room temperature.
Shorter the carbon chain the softer the fat at room temperature.
Stability
Oxidation
fats become rancid when exposed to oxygen causing off flavors & odors. Double bonds more susceptible thus polyunsaturated fats spoil faster.
Phospholipids
Compounds that contain glycerol, 2 fatty acids and a phosphorus containing acid in place of a fatty acid.
Foods - act as emulsifiers - lecithin.
Lecithin
Sterols
Fat related multiple-ring compounds such as cholesterol and vitamin D.
Sterols
2001 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning is a trademark used herein under license.
Digestion of Fats
2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning is a trademark used herein under license.
Recommended Intakes
Total fat
20 35% of total daily calories (DRIs)
Saturated fat
Dietary Guidelines suggests less than 10% of energy intake (20 gms for 2000 kcal diet).
Cholesterol
Dietary Guidelines suggest less than 300 mg per day
Cancer Obesity
Other
Gender Age
Metabolic Syndrome
Defined as having at least 3 of the following conditions
High blood pressure High blood sugar High triglycerides Low levels of HDL cholesterol (good) Central obesity (adiposity)
Blood Pressure
Force of blood in the arteries.
Measured in two numbers
systolic (high number) - the pressure when the heart contracts. diastolic (low number) - pressure between the beats when the heart relaxes.
Diastolic
or or
80 - 84 85-89
Alcohol in moderation
Reduce sodium/salt intake Medication