THYROID GLAND

RAJESH WARAN A/L UDAYAH 012010090070

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INFECTIONS OF THE THYROID GLAND

Subacute of thyroid Infectionsthyroiditis is more commonly due to viral is not glandinfection. common. Clinically there are 2 classes of thyroid infections; acute suppurative thyroiditis & subacute thyroiditis. Acute suppurative 4/18/12 thyroiditis is caused

ACUTE SUPPURATIVE THYROIDITIS

Approximately 70% due to bacterial infection. Can occur in patient of any age. Female > male Mostly affect the left lobe. More common in those with 4/18/12 preexisting thyroid

ACUTE SUPPURATIVE THYROIDITIS

Most frequent bacterial isolates are: Clinical manifestations: 1. S. aureus 1. Anterior neck pain 2. S. pyogenes 2. Tenderness 3. S. pneumoniae 3. Dysphagia 4. Enterobacter spp. 4. Area may be warm 5. Actinomyces & erythematous 6. Salmonella . 7. Klebsiella pneumoniae Complications: 1. Unilateral vocal 8. Brucella cord paralysis. 4/18/12

ACUTE SUPPURATIVE THYROIDITIS

Diagnosis: 1. Fine needle aspiration with or without ultrasonographic guidance. . Treatment: 1. Rest 2. Local heat 3. Antibiotics 4/18/12

SUBACUTE THYROIDITIS

It is rare candition thought to be caused Alsoaknown as De Quervain's thyroiditis; by viral infection. Subacute nonsuppurative thyroiditis; Giant cell thyroiditis; Subacuteoccurs after a viral The condition often granulomatous thyroiditis. the upper respiratory tract, such as infection of mumps and influenza. It involves swelling (inflammation) of the thyroid most often usually follows an upperwith Occurs gland that in middle-aged women respiratory infectiona viral respiratory tract recent symptoms of infection.
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SUBACUTE THYROIDITIS
7. 1. 8. 2.

3. 4. 5. 6.

Symptoms: when gentle pressure is applied to Tenderness the thyroid neck. Sometimes the pain can Pain in the gland (palpation) Weakness radiate to the jaw or ears. Painful enlargement of the thyroid gland may last for weeks or months. Difficulty swallowing Fatigue Fever Hoarseness

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SUBACUTE THYROIDITIS
1. 2. 2. . 3. 4. . 5.

Lab test earlier in the disease may show: later in the disease may show: High serum TSH level Low serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level free T4 Low serum High serum free T4 (thyroid hormone, thyroxine) level Thyroid gland biopsy is usually not needed, Low radioactivetype of inflammation but will show a iodine uptake characteristic of this condition. High serum thyroglobulin level Lab erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Hightests should return to normal as the condition goes away.

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SUBACUTE THYROIDITIS
1. Treatment Prevention: Anti-inflammatory medications (measles, 1. MMR such as aspirin or ibuprofen are used to control pain mumps, rubella) in mild cases. immunization (vaccine) or flu More serious cases may need temporary vaccine may help treatment with steroids like prednisone to prevent these control inflammation. conditions, which Symptoms of hyperthyroidism are treated can cause subacute with a class of medications called beta thyroiditis. blockers (propranolol, atenolol).

2.

3.

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REFERENCE

Principles and Practice of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Page 957. By Kenneth L. Becker.

http:// www.cumc.columbia.edu/dept/thyroid/thyroiditis.htm

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH00 / http:// emedicine.medscape.com/article/925249-overview

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