Homomorphic filtering and speech processing using cepstrum analysis

Outline
Introduction of Homomorphic filtering Homomorphic Systems Z-transform in Homomorphic Application in speech processing Voiced and unvoiced speech Cepstral Analysis of windows Conclusion

Introduction

Filtering is a non-linear transformation

Applied to the image and speech processing Used to convert a signal from a convolution of two original signal into the sum of two signals

Consider some linear transformation L

L is a linear system it will satisfy the principle of superposition Define a class where addition is replaced by convolution

System having this property are known as Homomorphic systems for convolution

Homomorphic system has a important property is that they can be viewed as a cascade of three Homomorphic systems

Homomorphic Systems

The first system takes inputs combined by convolution and transforms them into an additive combination of the corresponding outputs

D* is a Homomorphic system in which convolution is converted in to the addition

Contd.

The second system is a conventional linear system that obeys the principle of superposition Some linear System The third system is the inverse of the first system: it transforms signals combined by addition into signals combined by convolution Some inverse Homomorphic system in

This is important because design of such systems reduces to the design of linear system

Z-transform

Z-transform of two convolved signals is the product of their z-transforms

Then take logs to obtain

so log of Z-transform is viewed as a Homomorphic systems

The frequency domain representation of a Homomorphic system for deconvolution can be represented as

Represent signals as sequence rather than in the frequency domain, then the systems [ ]and 1[ ] can be represented as

speech processing

Homomorphic systems are very frequently used in speech processing applications We have to separate the excitation from the vocal tract filter h(n) by using a Homomorphic transformation

Do so easily as the filter parameters usually reside in the lower quefrencies While the excitation parameters have higher quefrencies We have to recover filters response from a periodic signal ( such as a voiced signal excitation)

The filter response can be recovered if we can separate the output of the Homomorphic transformation using a simple filter

Deconvolution of speech

Cepstrum of a generic voiced signal

Contributions to the cepstrum due to periodic excitation will occur at integer multiples of the fundamental period. NOTE that for children and high-pitch women we might have a problem

Contributions due to parameters usually modeled by the filter will concentrate in the low quefrequency region and will decay quickly with n

Cepstral analysis of speech (voiced signals)

Cepstral analysis of speech (unvoiced signal)

Cepstral analysis of vowel (rectangular window)

Cepstral analysis of vowel (tapering window)

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