SAPs Data Dictionary

Learning to use it effectively

FSS Technical Peer Group Meeting Wednesday November 13, 2002 Carolyn Fuller

Introduction
To know an application is to know its data Data dictionary holds key to performance Data dictionary tools reduce custom programming

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Agenda
The SAP Data Model Data Filtration SAP Indexes Building Custom Tables/Simple Apps

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Vocabulary

Relational Database Indexes Unique Index Primary Key Foreign Key (Check Table) One-to-Many Relationship Recursive Relationship Client Dependent View Cluster
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KNA1
KUNNR

KNB1

The Data Model

BKPF
BUKRS BELNR GJAHR

BUKRS KUNNR

BSID

BUKRS KUNNR..

BSAD

BUKRS KUNNR..

BSEG PRPS ZSDBHEAD

PRIME_CONTRACT PSPNR STUFE FAKKZ

BUKRS BELNR GJAHR BUZEI

ZSDBLINE
PRIME_CONTRACT MATERIAL

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The SAP Data Model

Transactional Data One-to-Many

One header row to many line items

Master Data One-to-Many

One master to many company code masters One master to many transaction line items

Recursive data
One parent to many children & grandchildren

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Report Example
Headers

Line Items

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One Should be Driver

All the WBS (billable and non-billable) Each WBS looks up its parent

Billable WBS

Billable WBS finds children, grandchildren

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Recursive Relationship
Billing Element

Billing Element

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PRHI - WBS Edges

WBS 6900000 6900027 6900028 6900029 6900030 6900037 6900038 Project 6900000 6900000 6900000 6900000 6900000 6900000 6900000 6900000 6900027 6900028 6900028 6900000 6900037 6900038 6900039 UP DOWN 6900054 6900028 6900040 6900030 6900040 6900054 6900029 6900027 6900037 xxxxxxx LEFT RIGHT

6900039
6900040 6900054 6900055

6900000
6900000 6900000 6900000

6900038
6900028 6900000 6900054 6900055 6900030 6900037

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Filtering Data Billing Example

Move filter to beginning of program

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Filtering Data MM Example

Unfiltered

Filtered
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SAP Indexes
Primary Key Secondary Indexes Secondary Index Tables Foreign Key

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Secondary Index Table

Primary Key & Unique Index

Secondary Indexes

Foreign Key

Client

Foreign Keys Check Table

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BSIDs Secondary Indexes

Unique flag

BSID-1 Index for logical database

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Recursive Resolution Table

Foreign Keys

Check Tables

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BKPF Primary & Foreign Keys

Primary Key with Foreign Key Primary Key Foreign Key Table Fields

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COVP Useful Secondary Index

WBS 4579002

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COVP Primary & Foreign Keys

Primary Key with Foreign Key Table Fields

Primary Key

Foreign Keys

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Additional Useful Indexes

http://fuller.mit.edu/SAPDocs/indexes.htm

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Building Custom Tables

Create Header Table Create Line Item Table Create Maintainable Views for Header & Items SE54 - Extended Table Maintenance for Views Program & Activate Event User Exits
Data validations

SE54 - Create View Cluster SM34 - Maintain View Cluster

SF8 View Cluster name is ZSDBLINE_VC

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Create Header Table

Client Search help can be attached to Field or Field type Custom field type allows custom documentation

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Custom Search Help

Defined in Data type

Function Module

Will display contract # and customer PO

Defined in Search help

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Custom Field Documentation

Defined in Data type

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Create Line Item Table

Foreign Key

Foreign Keys Check Table

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Create Maintainable View

Not the default!

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View Fields

Maintenance Attribute (MF)

Header fields - S will be read only on line items

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Extended Table Maintenance

SE54 - Generated Objects
Maintainable View

Create an Include via SE38

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Modify Function Pool

SAPLfunction_group

Uncomment

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Modify Lfunction_groupFXX
SE80 - Function group

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Events
SE54 -> Environment -> Events

Create View Cluster

SE54 -> Edit viewcluster

Object structure

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Generated Field Dependences

Header - ZSDBHEAD_V

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Generated Field Dependences

Header - ZSDBLINE_V

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View Cluster - Line Items SM34

Header

Line Items

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Summary

Know your program driver

Find the One in the application data model

Filter the data early in the program Know the indexes available in an area
If you cant use the primary index there are usually other indexes

Use the SAP supplied tools when possible

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Where to Get More Information

BC430 ABAP Dictionary

Tomorrow in Waltham (11/14 - 11/15) January 9 - 10, 2003 Waltham

My personal favorite, the book

Object-Oriented Systems Analysis - Modeling the World of Data by Sally Shlaer & Stephen Mello

Available, used on www.amazon.com

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