Community Relationship Management

Analyzing the Slums of Delhi

Arun Sharma, Joshua Wood, Noopur Tikku, Radhika, Sakshi Aggarwal, Subha Parashar TERI University

Index
Background on Relevance of Slums Project Description and Research Methodology and Primary Research Findings Interpretation of Findings in the context of:
Water Sanitation Education Infrastructure Energy

Core community Relations Issues Administrative Authorities involved Acts/Laws for welfare of slum residents Indicative Solutions

Background
Understanding the community relationship in a slum set up is extremely important for the Government as its a deprived section of society If corporate acquire any land with substantial slum population, R & R is quintessential as per the law of the land

Slum Definition According to Registrar General of India for the purpose of Census 2001

Categorizing Delhi Slums

Jhuggi/Jhopri settlements These account for the bulk of the slums in Delhi; they are illegal squatters on public or private land. The primary characteristic is that the houses are makeshift and 'kutcha', since they have no land rights and constantly fear eviction. They are often organised along caste/community affiliations. Slum designated areas Many of these are 'katras' in the walled city. The walled city was designed to hold 60,000 people, but it holds several times that number. These areas have been specifically notified under the Slum Areas Improvement and Clearance Act. Urban and Rural Villages Delhi has several such zones; places that started out as villages but have gotten absorbed into the city as the limits of the city have grown. There are 135 such villages in Delhi; but not all are poor. Resettlement colonies Resettlement began in 1961 in Delhi. As the city's slum population has grown, resettlement has become impossible. But the existing resettlement colonies have better access to infrastructure than the slums; and with land rights secured, they have invested in improving their living conditions.

Slum Settlement and population

Project Description
Three Sample communities interviewed:
Dalit Ekta Kendra, near C 8 , Vasant Kunj Two un-identified slums near TERI University, Vasant Kunj

No. of respondents surveyed : 23 Age Range of Respondents : 3 yrs to 70 yrs

Project Objective: Understanding Slums in Delhi

Slum Cluster Identified near TERI University

Population of 50 Population of 300

Methodology for Research

Ethnographic Research: To understand the socio-cultural organizational dynamics of slums
Field Visit

Qualitative Research
In depth interview Questionnaire

Findings of Primary Research

Need for issuing proper identification cards: as they are deprived of any facility and also cannot take advantage of the PDS scheme or any government schemes. Energy: Even though dwellers of DEK have access to electricity, due to absence of ID proofs they cant avail the LPG cylinders. This forces them to use kerosene (higher price) or firewood thus leading to more health problems. Education is a common problem arising due to the temporary nature of the parents jobs and continuous R&R at urban centers, because of which children have to change school and admission is also tough. Many lose interest No permanent toilets posing many problems for children and women mainly, not to forget the low levels of hygiene. Lack of awareness of government welfare programs
Eg: the people who were up rooted from the institutional area they were allotted 12 yard plots and in JJ colony in Bawana area , but some of the people did not have proper identification and could not claim their plots. Also the govt has not allotted any plots so far to the people.

Current Social Situation

Water Education Sanitation Health Infrastructure Energy

Water
DEK Sources of water supply (drinking) Tanker Slums around TERI University MCD Tankers

Sources of water supply (others)

Frequency of water supply

Boring Recently started since past 2 months

Tanker alternate days Boring daily

MCD Tankers

Irregular

Water problem persists

Shortage of drinking water

Irregular frequency of tanker Price discrimination

Almost 18% of their monthly expenditure is on water They pay almost 40% higher price compared to DEK

Water expenditure

Drastically come down since the introduction of boring

Price for water

Education
The issue Many children living in slums are denied the chance to go to school. Social and cultural barriers deny slum dwellers the opportunity to complete their basic education. Many never go to school at all and few complete primary education. Also because of gender, caste, labor market opportunities, quality of learning.

Education
Parameters
Aware of education for all till 14 years Does government help them ? Does gender play a role

DEK
Yes most of them know about free education in government schools Yes and they have a nursery school within the slum where they have a government school teacher No they want both their boys and girls to study

Slums around TERI University

Not aware, and therefore send their kids to private schools They get no help from the government. They send their girls only till they feel its safe for them and also that after the age of 14 or 15 girls need to married They restrict themselves to their place of origin and want their kids to around the same caste and religion Yes because after certain age they feel they cant afford all their children education as government is of no help to them

Caste and religion

They are a group of united people

Does fees stop them for sending their children to schools

No as they mostly send their children to government school

Sanitation
Dalit Ekta Kendra Story: Chahna, young mother of two, has to carry her children to the nearby jungle ( 2kms ) for defecation. She feels vulnerable and insecure while travelling to the forest at night. Toilet complexes in DEK are dysfunctional for the last 10 yrs

Sanitation
1.8 million people in Delhi reside in slums According to MCD, Around 8590% of JJ clusters did not have even community toilets, forcing habitants to defecate in the open near the water bodies or drainage channels. Unhygienic sanitary practices are a health hazard ; Women and children are at a higher risk

Health
DEK Major Health Issues Dengue/Malaria/Typhoid Slums around TERI University Dengue/Malaria/Typhoid/ Diarrhoea / Dysentery No facility available

Medical Facilities

Dispensary opens twice a week, basic health check-up Quite aware regular vaccinations to children

Health Awareness

Not highly oriented towards health issues Private/government hospitals in Masoodpur

Access to medical assistance In house dispensary Private/government hospitals in Masoodpur

Waste management
DEK area For the entire area sweepers are given duty and the waste from gullies and open drains is sanitized every day or alternatively But the area outside which is under the DWM a garbage dumping place on the main road is not well maintained The people defecate in the open in an area adjoining the slum structure and this causes stench in the air and also many diseases , there is no provision how to manage this waste Slums around TERI There is no civic authority to maintain the plots and collect the garbage , people do not properly dispose the garbage and mostly litter around their shanties(food waste mostly)

Energy
Cooking fuel DEK area
Primary : kerosene (people with ration cards ) Secondary : Wood fire ( even though all of them have electricity but cannot afford kerosene at the market prices and tend to use wood fire) LPG: only some who can afford, but still have wood fire as alternative as there is no stability of income and sometimes have to shift to wood fire for cooking

Slums around TERI

Primary : wood fire On the day of the survey half of the population was in bio diversity park to collect wood fire. Though some of them have kerosene stove and LPG cylinders and they use it to run small tea shops)

Electricity
DEK area
Electricity has been provided to every household , proper meters have been installed and bills are produced based on consumption , it is well off in this aspect

Slums around TERI

There is not scope to provide electricity as most of these shanties are very fragile structures and on plots which are yet to be developed . Maybe LABL can be of help to them, the children suffer on account of this as they cannot study at night.

Core Community Relations Issues Identified

Administrative Issue Political Issue Healthcare issue Employment Education Infrastructure issue
Electricity Fuel Sanitation Water Supply

Administrative Authorities Involved

Government of Delhi Ministry of HUPA MCD Urban shelter board DDA MLA elected

Acts/ Laws Governing The Welfare of Slums

The Slum Areas (Improvement And Clearance) Act, 1956 : An Act to provide for the improvement and clearance of slum areas in certain Union territories and for the protection of tenants in such areas from eviction.

Draft Model Property Rights to Slum Dwellers Act, 2011.

The union government has sought the state government's comments on the draft Model Property Rights to Slum Dwellers Act, 2011. The Act states that every landless person living in a slum area in any city or urban area (on a date to be specified by the State Government) shall be entitled to a dwelling space at an affordable cost and every slum dweller shall be given a legal entitlement, which shall be in the name of the female head of the household or in the joint name of the male head of the household and his wife.

Schemes for Poverty Alleviation

Rajiv Awas Yojana ( RAY )

GoI Schemes
The finance minister has allocated Rs 1,270 crore in the Budget for slum development under the Rajiv Gandhi Awas Yojana compared to Rs 150 crore last year. Government of India has launched new scheme for where in the government will provide new dwelling units to slum dwellers on payment of a part of the cost Essentially, as part of the scheme government will bear 40% of the cost of these dwellings while the rest of 60% needs to be paid for by the slum resident. While affordable housing is a step in the right direction, i hope these initiatives are also complemented by educational/vocational training programmes so that these dwellers not only have decent clean living environment but also a shot to live a better life.

Indicative Solutions
Portable Waterless toilets Each one Teach one Borewel facility Permanent Habitats Multi floored Government and NGO Collaboration with slum mukhiya and other members Solar lanterns Regular Health Camps Financial support ( By government funding, scholarships etc.) Financing the girl child education

Role to be played by Govt.

A minimum wage rate should be created for workers immigrating to town. Computerized ID numbers should be allotted to the laborers for maintaining records. ESI dispensaries and counseling services should be provided in dwelling areas. All labors should be centrally registered Strict rules should be formulated to prevent the misuse of funds. Aim for 1 Lakh units of construction every six months. Import high volume construction machinery from China for the speedy construction. Factories with a workforce of more than 100 labors should have compulsory dwelling units. The accommodation facilities should be made available before the commencement of any project

Role to be played by NGOs

NGOs should work in close coordination with government and make sure that the following facilities are available to the slum dwellers Counseling services to minimize crime and other problems. Basic amenities like schooling, proper sanitation, potable water, health facilities and common electricity with minimal charges. Free weekly medical and healthcare facilities.

Role of Corporations
Have R&R policies in place Incorporating upgradation of urban slums as a CSR activity

Thank You

Appendix

Acts/ Laws Governing The Welfare of Slums

Purpose of the Slum Act is to protect the occupiers of properties in slum areas irrespective whether they were tenants or not. The object of the Slum Act is to protect the occupiers from eviction unless permission is obtained from the competent authority and relevant would it be to highlight that as per Section 19, while granting or declining permission the relevant criteria is the means of the occupier. If the occupier has no means to relocate himself, permission for ejectment has not to be granted inasmuch as it would be presumed that upon ejectment the occupier would create a further slum. It is well settled that protection under Section 19 would be available to a person, whether he is a tenant or an occupier who is poor and is unable to arrange for alternative accommodation. The provisions of s. 14A and Chapter IIIA of the Rent Control Act must prevail over these contained in ss. 19 and 39 of the Slum Clearance Act