Freshwater Aquaculture Systems Design

Aquaculture Scope
As human foods source As other fishs food Ornamental fish Fishing bait

Common fish types in aquaculture

Fish Types
Ikan Ketutu Ikan kelisa (Arowana) Sepat siam Baung Haruan Jelawat Kaloi

Scientific Names
Oxyeleotris marmoratus Schropages formosis Trichogaster pectoralis Mystur nemurus Chana strictus Leptobarbus hoeveni Osphroremus goram

Keli Tilapia
Patin

Clarias batracthus Tilapia mossambica

Pangasius

Example of fishes price

Ikan Ketutu:
Fry :3 to 5 = RM 4.50. Matured :200g-500g per fish RM 55.00/kg

Ikan Puyu Puyu Siam:

Fry: 1 -2 = RM 0.30 Matured :4-6 fishes /kg RM 13.00

Ikan Tilapia Merah:

Fry : 3 = RM 0.18 GRED C 250g 350g RM 7.00/kg GRED A 700g UP RM 10.00/kg
| GRED C+ 400g 500g | GRED B 550g 650g | RM 8.00/kg | RM 9.00/kg | |

Ikan Keli:
Fry: 3 inci RM 0.10 Matured :5 fishes /kg RM 5.00

Example of aquaculture system

Ponds Floating cages Concrete tank Pens (Kandang) In rice fields Canvas tank Fiber glass tank

Aquaculture management factor

Seeds (fry) Water Foods Health Sewage Fish behavior

Biology of the system

Quantity of oxygen:
Keli, puyu, haruan = < 1.0 mg/l

pH of water:
Keli, puyu, haruan, sepat = > 5.0

High Rated
Ikan Tilapia Merah Ikan Keli Afrika

Aquaculture systems design

The system must have a suitable size for the maximum growing for the fishes. The system must have or near a fresh water sources. Water flowing channel in and out for fresh/clean water exchange or just using a water pump. Safety design for avoiding fish predator. The effective way to give the fishes food by using worker or Automatic Feeder. A sensor to detect the oxygen, carbon dioxide and pH level in the water to maximize the water quality level. A sensor to control the temperature of the system

Aquaculture problems
Environment: Like a giant aquarium, land-based fish farms must change their tanks' dirty water. Depending on the system's set-up, this can result in the discharge of significant amounts of wastewater containing feces, nutrients and chemicals. Nutrients can result in algae blooms which eventually remove dissolved oxygen in the receiving waterway, or eutrophication. A zero oxygen content results in fish kills. A good pH and temperature level also need to be control so that the fish can grow to the maximum. Disease: Aquaculture operations can spread parasites and disease. Farmed fish have an increased chance of getting parasites such as sea lice, as opposed to fish in their natural environment. Farmed fish are also exposed to diseases through the use of unprocessed fish to feed as their food source, as opposed to safer processed fish pellets. Predator: One of the biggest problem in aquaculture is to control the predator from harming or eating the fishes. A safety system is very important to avoid this problem contributing to the profit loss. Carnivorism: The carnivorism is common problem in aquaculture. The small fishes need to be separate from the bigger fishes.

Aquaculture production in 2010

The amount of freshwater aquaculture production is about 156.224 worth RM738 million. Total production of red tilapia in 2010 stood at 29,013.94 tonnes valued at RM192.99 million. Number of black tilapia production in 2010 stood at 9,629.33 tonnes valued at RM56.3 million. State the main producer is Selangor, Perak, Pahang, Sabah and Negri Sembilan. The total production of tilapia is 25 percent of the total freshwater aquaculture production. On average, a Malaysian people takes only five kilograms (kg) of fresh water fish per year and 46 kg of fish per year