MODELING AND SIMULATION OF AN ELECTRIC SCOOTER DRIVEN BY A SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

PRESENTED BY SATYBHAN SINGH 0909020107 (ELECTRICAL 3yr)

INTRODUCTION
In the simulation and modeling of electric scooter we replace the D.C. motor by a single phase induction motor,this makes it low cost and less maintenance and more impressive. The electric scooter of 0.26 KW rating was employed for test. As a result, a single phase induction motor showed ability to drive an electric scooter with 80 kg load at almost constant speed of 20 kph.

PRINCIPLE OF AN ELECTRIC SCOOTER

In this system, a dedicated DC/DC converter connected to the grid charges the batteries. Than another DC/DC converter is used to convert the battery voltage to a suitable voltage for the DC motor.

SIMULATION OF ELECTRIC SCOOTER

A whole system simulation of an electric scooter drive system consist of three main parts Power supply interface
Battery storage Power electronic interface

Motor drive performance Electric vehicle movement simulation

BATTERY MODEL
The model represents the nonlinear characteristics of the battery. R1:-plate internal resistance D1,D2:-hysteresis and non linear internal resistance effects in the electrochemical cell D3:-charge leakage C1:-linear capacitive storage elements across the double layers C2:-chemical reaction storage

 Example: A model of Ni-Cd In this model the system voltage,312 volt, consists of 228 series connected cells.

BATTERY EQUALIZATION
Typical charge profiles published for rechargable batteries,particularly large lead-acid batteries used in electric vehicles,are designed to accomplish two goals.Obviously they deliver the energy that is stored in the individual cells.Less well recognized is that the preferred charge profiles overcharge the cells to force equalization.

BASICS OF INDUCTION MOTOR

In AC motors, the rotor does not receive electric power by conduction but by induction in exactly the same way as the secondary of a two winding transformer receives its power from the primary.That is why such motors are known as INDUCTION MOTORS.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF INDUCTION MOTOR

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Its speed cannot be It has very simple and extremely rugged,almost varied without sacrificing some of its efficiency. unbreakable Its speed decreases with construction. Its cost is low and it is increase in load. Its starting torque is very reliable. It has sufficiently high somewhat inferior to efficiency.In normal that of a DC shunt running condition,no motor. brushes are needed. It requires minimum of maintenance.

METHODS OF SPEED CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTOR

VARIABLE RESISTOR VARIABLE VOLTAGE VARIABLE FREQUENCY

VEHICLE MOVEMENT SIMULATION

An induced torque drives an electrical vehicle through an axial of the vehicle wheel. A relation of linear and angular movement by a driving force the motor torque can be transferred from its original rotational quantity into its equivalent translational force to push the vehicle box. Fdrag-vehicle dynamic drag force Fgrad-gradient force Ffric- friction b/w wheels and road M-effective mass TE-vehicle tractive force

CONTINUED.
The torque force relation can be calculated as :TE=Te/Rw where TE vehicle tractive force Rw vehicle wheel radius Now there are two vehicle resistances and gradient force:DRAG FORCE Fdrag=1/2*air density*Ar*Cd*V2 FRICTION FORCE Ffric=urr MgCOS0 GRADIENT FORCE Fgrad=MgSIN0

CONTINUED.
To analyze an electric scooter as shown in the figure as our test vehicle two mutually coupled sets(linear and angular motion)can be formulated in the free body diagram shown.

SIMULATION RESULTS
To simulate a scooter drive system,road surface.

CONCLUSION
Modeling and simulation of a single phase induction motor to drive an electric vehicle is proposed.In addition,an ON/OFF vehicle speed control strategy is demonstrated to regulate the vehicle speed within the limit.The results showed that the single phase induction motor can be employed to drive the electric scooter with good performances.

THANKS