Presentation

Ip Spoofing

Submitted To: MR. S.R.Doggiwal (IT Dept)

Submitted By: Lok Raj 08ESKIT042

IP Spoofing
Sometimes on the internet, a girl named Alice is really a man named Yves

Sources
General Information:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ip_spoofing http://www.securityfocus.com/infocus/1674 http://tarpit.rmc.ca/knight/EE579index.htm (See ppts on subject)
http://www.gulker.com/ra/hack/tsattack.html http://tarpit.rmc.ca/knight/EEE466Lectures/DA14/14%20%20Security%20I.ppt http://tarpit.rmc.ca/knight/EEE466Lectures/DA14/14%20%20Security%20I.ppt Conversation with Todd Hot Toddy Jackson http://www.phrack.org/issues.html?issue=64&id=15#article

Mitnick Attack Sequence:

Session Hijack Sequence:

DoS and DDoS attacks:

Phrack Article:

Overview
TCP/IP in brief IP Spoofing
Basic overview Examples

Mitnick Attack Session Hijack

Defending Against the Threat Continuous Evolution Conclusion

TCP/IP in 3 minute or less

General use of term describes the Architecture upon which the Interweb is built. TCP/IP are specific protocols within that architecture.

TCP/IP in 3 minutes or less

Application Transport TCP

Interweb Network Access Physical

IP

TCP/IP in 3 minute or less

IP is the internet layer protocol. Does not guarantee delivery or ordering, only does its best to move packets from a source address to a destination address. IP addresses are used to express the source and destination. IP assumes that each address is unique within the network.

TCP/IP in 3 minutes or less

TCP is the transport layer protocol. It guarantees delivery and ordering, but relies upon IP to move packets to proper destination. Port numbers are used to express source and destination. Destination Port is assumed to be awaiting packets of data.

TCP/IP in 3 minutes or less

Client Using Mozilla

Some Web Server

HTTP - GET

Application Transport Interweb

TCP Port 80 IP 10.24.1.1

But what happens if someone is lying??

Application Transport Interweb

MAC

00:11:22:33:44:55

Network Access
Physical

Network Access
Physical

11010010011101 00110100110101

IP Spoofing Basic Overview

Basically, IP spoofing is lying about an IP address. Normally, the source address is incorrect. Lying about the source address lets an attacker assume a new identity.

IP Spoofing Basic Overview

Because the source address is not the same as the attackers address, any replies generated by the destination will not be sent to the attacker. Attacker must have an alternate way to spy on traffic/predict responses. To maintain a connection, Attacker must adhere to protocol requirements

IP Spoofing Basic Overview

Difficulties for attacker:
TCP sequence numbers One way communication Adherence to protocols for other layers

IP Spoofing The Reset

Sucker - Alice
1. SYN Lets have a conversation

2. SYN ACK 3. RESET Sure, what do Umm.. I have no idea why you want to you are talking talk about? to me

Victim - Bob

4. No connection Guess I need to take Bob out of the picture

Attacker - Eve

IP Spoofing Mitnick Attack

Merry X-mas! Mitnick hacks a Diskless Workstation on December 25th, 1994 The victim Tsutomu Shinomura The attack IP spoofing and abuse of trust relationships between a diskless terminal and login server.

Mitnick Attack
6. 4. Mitnick forgestheSYN from the fakes a ACK using the proper TCP sequence number server to the terminal 5. Terminals responds with an ACK, which is ignored by the 7. Mitnick has now visible to flooded port (and not established a one way Mitnick)

Workstation

Server
1. Mitnick Floods servers login port so it can no longer respond

communications channel
3. 2. Mitnick Probes the discovers that the TCP sequence determine Workstation tonumber is the incremented its 128000 each behaviour of by TCP sequence new connection number generator

Kevin Mitnick

Mitnick Attack Why it worked

Mitnick abused the trust relationship between the server and workstation He flooded the server to prevent communication between it and the workstation Used math skillz to determine the TCP sequence number algorithm (ie add 128000) This allowed Mitnick to open a connection without seeing the workstations outgoing sequence numbers and without the server interrupting his attack

IP Spoofing - Session Hijack

IP spoofing used to eavesdrop/take control of a session. Attacker normally within a LAN/on the communication path between server and client. Not blind, since the attacker can see traffic from both server and client.

Session Hijack
3. 2. At any point, a man-in-the- the 1. Eve assumes Evetraffic between can monitor can assume identity of either Bob altering Alice and Bob without or Alice middle position through some the through the For example, Eve packets or sequence IP address. mechanism. Spoofed numbers. could This breaks the pseudo connection use Arp Poisoning, social as Eve will start modifying the engineering, router hacking etc... sequence numbers

Alice

Bob

Im Bob!

Im Alice!

Eve

IP Spoofing Defending
IP spoofing can be defended against in a number of ways: As mentioned, other protocols in the Architectural model may reveal spoofing.
TCP sequence numbers are often used in this manner New generators for sequence numbers are a lot more complicated than add 128000 Makes it difficult to guess proper sequence numbers if the attacker is blind

Smart routers can detect IP addresses that are outside its domain. Smart servers can block IP ranges that appear to be conducting a DoS.

IP Spoofing continues to evolve

IP spoofing is still possible today, but has to evolve in the face of growing security. New issue of Phrack includes a method of using IP spoofing to perform remote scans and determine TCP sequence numbers This allows a session Hijack attack even if the Attacker is blind

Conclusion
IP Spoofing is an old school Hacker trick that continues to evolve. Can be used for a wide variety of purposes. Will continue to represent a threat as long as each layer continues to trust each other and people are willing to subvert that trust.

Questions?