How To Use OPNET IT Guru Academic Version

How to Use OPNET IT Guru Academic Version
Last Update 2007.01.23 1.1.0
Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
Issues With OPNET IT Guru

The academic version of OPNETs IT Guru is a very powerful tool for illustrating what occurs on real networks However, for reasons known only to OPNET no material is supplied by them concerning how to use this program Further there is no third party material other than what can be learned by reading labs developed for some lab manuals

The user is expected to divine how to use this program by reading through the third party labs that have been developed, along with playing around with the program This seems somewhat odd as clearly a user manual was provided to whoever purchased this version when it was the current version

Why OPNET withholds this information is not known
Learning IT Guru
The information here is intended to address part of this problem
Use of IT Guru
IT Guru provides a virtual environment that models the behavior of real networks This virtual approach saves the time and expense of building the real network in order to plan and test network changes and additions It can also be used to diagnose problems, such as traffic growth and network failures
Elements in OPNET
The first thing to consider in using IT Guru is what elements does it use to create the network models These elements are
Project Scenario Objects Applications Definition Config Node Profile Definition Config Node
Project
A project in IT Guru is a network simulation This is where you specify the objects that will form the simulation, the applications that will run on the network, and which objects will run these applications
Scenario
A scenario is used to alter a project so that what if analysis can be done For example, characteristics of objects or applications can be altered to see how this changes network performance This includes things such as changing equipment or altering loads on the network
Object
An object in IT Guru is anything that might appear in a real network Except for the next two elements discussed this is anything that you can drag and drop into a project For example, workstations, servers, switches, routers, a T1 line are all objects An object has attributes that define how it operates in the simulation
10
Object
These attributes can be changed Along with changes to the next two elements discussed, this is what is done to create various scenarios
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Application Definition Config

A special element needs to be dragged into any project to define what applications will generate traffic on the network This special element is the Applications node It contains the attributes for the applications used in the network, such as Web browsing
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Application Definition Config

The traffic generated by the application can be adjusted For example, web browsing could be set to light web browsing or heavy web browsing
13
Profile Definition Config

The last element commonly used is the Profiles node This element is also dragged onto the project network The Profiles node is used to associate the applications with the objects that will use them
14
Installing IT Guru
IT Guru is not a very well behaved application It installs itself where and how it wants to There is very little user control over this process A problem this creates is that IT Guru is placed in the root directory, not under the Program Files directory where it should be
15
Installing IT Guru
Further, all of the sample labs are stored with the program This makes backup of labs more difficult
16
Running IT Guru
Once IT Guru has been installed, to run it select it from the Start menu The following screens will appear
17
Running IT Guru
18
Running IT Guru
This black box is normal
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Running IT Guru
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Running IT Guru
You must always agree to the license, which is pointless as you have never read the license and never will Why companies think this is useful is beyond me I suspect it is further evidence of the insidious influence of lawyers in American society
21
Running IT Guru
22
Running IT Guru
This screen is IT Guru Once again the poor manners of the program are seen This is the only size for the program It cannot be made full screen until a project has been created or loaded
23
Initial Setup of IT Guru

Before using IT Guru the first time some initial setup must be done The main part of this is to locate the models directory This is the directory where the various projects will be stored By default this is a directory where the program is installed
24
Initial Setup of IT Guru

This can be changed to a data directory to simplify backup
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To Setup the Models Directory

To setup the models directory select
File Model Files Add Model Directory
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To Setup the Models Directory
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Workflow
In IT Guru the workflow or sequence to follow when building a model is
Create a network model Choose the statistics to view Run the simulation View and analyze the results
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Sample Project
To illustrate how to use IT Guru lets create a sample project with one scenario Select
File New
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Sample Project
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Sample Project
The Project screen appears Although there are other options in the drop down box, Project is the only one commonly used Click
OK
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Sample Project
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Sample Project
On this screen you may name the project You may also name the scenario Spaces are not allowed Click
OK
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Sample Project
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Sample Project
On the next screen, Startup Wizard: Initial Topology, commonly the default Create Empty Scenario is used Click
Next
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Sample Project
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Startup Wizard
The Startup Wizard is used to create the basic layout of the network The elements it uses are
Define the networks scale such as the world or an office Define the size of the area in which the network will function, such as the US or a certain size office Select a palette that will provide the objects
37
Sample Project
On this screen select the scale of the network For this example use the Office Click
Next
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Sample Project
39
Sample Project
Set the size of the network just specified For this example use 100 by 100 meters Click
Next
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Sample Project
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Sample Project
Select the Palette contents The Palette holds the icons for the elements that can be dragged and dropped onto the network space just created There are a large number of these It is best to add the ones you think might be useful based on the name of the Palette
42
Sample Project
Then experience will tell you which ones are most useful to your situation The basic ones are
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Cisco
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Client Server
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Ethernet
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Ethernet Advanced
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Frame Relay
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Frame Relay Advanced
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Internet Toolbox
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LANs
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Links
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Links Advanced
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Wireless LAN
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Sample Project
Once the palette or palettes are selected click
Next
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Palette List
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Sample Project
If you need additional devices other devices can be added to the palette by selecting
Configure Palette
from the Palette window This produces this list
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Sample Project
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Sample Project
Then the drop down list can be used to select one or more palettes The existing palette can be removed by selecting
Clear
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Sample Project
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Sample Project
In this example we will use the Ethernet palette to create a basic LAN
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Sample Project
The Startup Wizard: Review screen appears If everything is as desired, then click
OK
If not, click
Back
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Sample Project
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Sample Project
The workspace with the palette appears
64
Sample Project
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Sample Project
Notice that the palette often gets in the way of the workspace where the network elements are placed To remove the palette from the screen click on the
X box in the window
To return it to the screen click on the Palette button

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IT Guru Interface
Where is the palette button Lets look at the rest of the IT Guru interface
67
IT Guru Interface
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Palette Button
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Palette Button
This button makes the palette appear, if you removed it from the screen
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Consistency Button
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Consistency Button
Check consistency of network links
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Failed Button
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Failed Button
Mark selected node or link as failed
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Restored Button
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Restored Button
Mark selected node or link as restored
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Level Button
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Level Button
Go to next higher level in network hierarchy
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Zoom In Button
79
Zoom In Button
Zoom in for a closer look
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Zoom Out Button
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Zoom Out Button

Zoom out for a wider look
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Simulation Button
83
Simulation Button
Configure, then run the simulation
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Results Button
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Results Button
View graphs and tables of collected statistics
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Graphs Button
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Graphs Button
Hide or show all graphs
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Sample Project
Back to the sample project With the palette showing drag and drop the devices needed for the network of interest These can be of two types
Node Link
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Nodes
Nodes are devices that can send and receive information, such as
Switch Workstation Printer Server
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Links
Links are media that connect nodes to each other
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Drag and Drop Behavior

Another oddity of IT Guru is the behavior of the drag and drop function You left click on the object in the palette, then drag it over to the workspace However, unless you deselect the object or go back to the palette, each subsequent click on the workspace will deposit another object of the same type
92

To unselect an object, click the right mouse button Then go back to the palette for the next object The point to this behavior is to allow multiple copies of the same object to be placed one after the other The object still looks like it is selected, but it is not
93

Just click elsewhere on the workspace to make the circle around the object disappear
94
Network Creation Methods

There are three ways to create a network
Drag and Drop Rapid Configuration Importation
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Drag and Drop

In Drag and Drop nodes and links are selected on the palette, then dragged to the workspace
96
Rapid Configuration
Rapid Configuration is faster than Drag and Drop for large networks Select
Topology Rapid Configuration
Then complete the options presented
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Rapid Configuration
98
Rapid Configuration
Lets create a basic LAN using this method This step is done after the workspace is completed as discussed above A basic LAN will require
The Ethernet palette Star configuration A 16 port switch Links using 100 Mbps 10 workstations
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Rapid Configuration
100
Rapid Configuration
101
Rapid Configuration
102
Rapid Configuration
This only sets up the basic layout, such as what everything attaches to, the number of workstations, and the link speed between devices This method will not bring in devices, such as servers It also will not place the application or profile icons in the workspace
103
Rapid Configuration
The palette is used to bring the rest of the objects in
104
Importation
Go on to the next slide as this section has not been completed yet
105
Sample Project
The link objects are used to connect the devices to each other In this example the 100BaseT link will be used It does not matter what order is used to connect the devices to each other Just click on one, then the other Again right click to deselect the link object
106
Sample Project
For our sample project reduce the number of workstations to five by deleting nodes 5 through 9 To delete an object select it, then right click We also need to and a server and a printer From the Ethernet palette select and place these two objects
107
Sample Project
Now we have a functioning network so the palette can be dismissed from the workspace With the palette gone rearrange the devices so they are easier to see This is the result for my sample network
108
Sample Project
109
Sample Project
We have the devices we need, but the devices can do nothing without two additional elements These are the ones mentioned above
Application Definition
Applications that will run on the network
Profile Definition
Applications an object will use
110
Sample Project
You drag and drop these two elements from the palette as well These last two objects are used to set the overall behavior for the simulation This makes the sample network look like this
111
Sample Project
112
Set Application Attributes

The Application Definition object defines what applications will run over the network To select the applications right click on the Application Definition object Dont worry about the following diagram being different from our sample network, this is just an illustration of how to select the Application Definition object
113
Set Object Attributes
114
Set Object Attributes

Select
Edit Attributes
To add applications click on the

Applications Definitions
line The click on the number to the right of

Rows
115

Click on the
0
to the right of Rows Select the number of applications that will run on the network That number of application rows will appear The row numbering will start with 0
116

Click on the
+
for the row Then click on the

+
beside the word Description This produces a list of the common applications found on a network
117
118

To add an application click on the
Off
to the right of the name of the application
119
120

After the applications that will run on the network are set click
OK
121
Set Application Usage

OPNET uses a probabilistic model to create the traffic These values can be adjusted to match your network or the default values can be used The exact name of the various objects may differ slightly from the examples shown next depending on the version of OPNET being used
122

Database Access (Light)
50% database queries, 50% database entries Transactions arrive with inter-arrival times exponentially distributed with mean 30 seconds Each transaction is 16 bytes
123

Email (Light)
Emails are sent with inter-arrival times exponentially distributed with mean 3600 seconds Each email is sent to a group of 3 Emails are received with inter-arrival times exponentially distributed with mean 3600 seconds Each email is received by a group of 3 Each email is 500 bytes.
124

File Transfer (Heavy)
50% of file transfers from client to server (put), 50% from server to client (get) The time between each clients file transfer requests, is exponentially distributed with mean 360 seconds All files are 50000 bytes
125

File Transfer (Light)
50% of file transfers from client to server (put), 50% from server to client (get) The time between each clients file transfer requests, is exponentially distributed with mean 360 seconds All files are 1000 bytes
126

File Print (Light)
Print requests arrive with inter-arrival times exponentially distributed with mean 90 seconds Print requests are normally distributed with mean 3000 bytes, standard deviation of 300 bytes
127

Web Browsing (Heavy HTTP 1.1)
Page inter-arrival times are exponentially distributed with mean 60 seconds Each Page has 1000 bytes of text 5 medium images each with size randomly picked with a uniform distribution on [500,2000] bytes
128

Web Browsing (Light HTTP 1.1)
Page inter-arrival times are exponentially distributed with mean 720 seconds Each Page has 500 bytes of text 5 small images each with size randomly picked with a uniform distribution on [10,400] bytes
129

Telnet (Light)
Inter Command time normally distributed with mean 120 seconds, variance 10 Each command from terminal to telnet host consists of a normally distributed amount of bytes with mean 10, variance 4 Each command from telnet host to terminal consists of a normally distributed amount of bytes with mean 5, variance 2.778
130

A default set of applications can be used instead of defining each one individually To use the default set Right click on the Application Definition element Select
Edit Attributes
On the Application Definitions row click on the right side

131

Select
Default
132
133

This provides a common set of network applications such as
HTTP FTP Email Database And so on
134

The next task is to create profiles These profiles are collections of applications, as just defined above, that individuals or groups using the network will use This is the second step in placing activity on the network
135

The last part of injecting traffic is to assign a profile to an object on the network, such as a server or a workstation The Profile Definition element is used for this purpose To configure the Profile Definition object right click on it Then select
Edit Attributes
136
137

Profile Configuration
Click on the right side of the

row
This will produce a drop down list Select

Edit
138
139

Another window will appear Click on the 0 in the box top the left of Rows
140
141

Select
1
row for this example
142
143

The row or rows will appear above
144
145

Change the profile name under the Profile Name column on the left by clicking on
Enter Profile Name
For this example enter

Web User
146
147

Also for this example change the Repeatability to
unlimited
148
149

Under the Applications column select
Edit
Then select
1
In the box to the left of Rows
150
151

Click under the Name column Select
for this example Then close all windows by clicking

OK OK OK
152
153

The traffic profile has been created Now it can be applied to the workstations
154

Select one of the workstations by clicking on it Right click on it From the pop up menu select
Select Similar Nodes
155
156

In general end devices, such as workstations generate traffic Connection points, such as switches, do not In this example, left click on the workstation
157

While holding down the Crtl key click on the remaining workstations so all of then are selected Right click and select
Edit Attributes
158
159

On the Attributes window select
Apply Changes to Selected Objects
In the bottom left corner of the window so the changes made in this window will apply to all the workstations
160
161

Click the
+
beside Application Supported Profiles And the

0
To the right Then select the number of profiles to be used

162

In this case
1
One row will appear Select

Web User
as defined above
163
164

Click
OK
The workstations are ready to generate traffic For this example the server must be configured as well so the web traffic has somewhere to go Right click on the Server Select Edit Attributes
165

Select
Edit
On the Application Supported Services row A new window appears
166
167
168

Select
1
In the box to the left of Row
169
170

Select
Web
By clicking on
None
In the Name column As above select

to create a generic HTTP server

171

Then Click
OK OK
172
173
Select Functions to Measure

The last configuration step is to select what to measure There are two basic types of measures
Individual Global
Individual measures apply to an object Global measures apply to the network as a whole
174
Select Individual Measures

To select individual measures right click the object, such as a server The select
Chose Individual Statistics
from the popup menu This shows a list of things that can be measured
175
176

To select on expand the item of interest by clicking on the
+
Then select the items to be measured Such as

Server Http
Traffic Received (bytes/sec) Traffic Sent (bytes/sec)
177
178
179
Select Global Measures

To select a global measure right click on the workspace away from the objects The select
Chose Individual Statistics
There will be a short delay as IT Guru initializes itself for this function
180
181
182
Set Global Measures

The global statistics list appears Expand
Global Statistics
183
184
Set Global Measures

Select the measures In this case
Node Statistics
TCP
Connection Aborts Delay Retransmission Count
185
186
187
Set Global Measures

Click
OK
188
Save the Simulation

If desired save the simulation by selecting
File
Save
Provide a name
189
Run the Simulation

Everything is now completed To run the simulation click on the
configure/run simulation
Button Usually the default values have to be changed
190
Run the Simulation
191
Run the Simulation

In this case the duration is set to 30 minutes
192
Run the Simulation
193
Run the Simulation

Click on
Run
The next two screens appear one after the other When the simulation is finished Click on
Close
194
Run the Simulation
195
Run the Simulation
196
Examine the Results

To view the results of the simulation each individual measure must be selected, as well as any global measures To examine an individual measure Right click on the object of interest such as the server
197
Examine the Results

Select
View Results
Expand the hierarchy to show the measure Click on the checkbox to select the measure Click the
Show
button
198
Examine the Results

A graph of the results appears
199
Examine the Results
200
Examine the Results
201
Examine the Results
202
Examine the Results

To examine the global measure Right click in the workspace Select
View Results
Click on the checkbox to select the measure Click the

Show
button
203
Examine the Results

A graph of the results appears
204
Compare Results
Once the first scenario is working a baseline for the network of interest has now been created The effects of a change to the network can be assessed by creating a new scenario, then comparing the results of the two scenarios
205
Compare Results
For example, a second floor might be added to the network What impact will this have on the existing single floor network we just setup
206
Create Second Scenario

To do this first create a new scenario by copying, then modify what was just done Select
Scenarios Duplicate Scenario Provide a name for the new scenario
Click
OK
207
Create Second Scenario

Setup the second scenario just as you did the first one Just change what needs to changed or add any additional network segments or nodes As before run the simulation
208
Compare Results
To compare the affect of the added load on the original network select
Compare Results
from the pop up menu that appears when right clicking on the object or on the workspace Now two lines will appear in the results graph for the measure of interest
209
Sample Project
That is all there is to the basic functions of OPNET
210

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How to Use OPNET IT Guru Academic Version

Last Update 2007.01.23 1.1.0

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Issues With OPNET IT Guru

Issues With OPNET IT Guru

Issues With OPNET IT Guru

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Application Definition Config

Application Definition Config

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Profile Definition Config

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Initial Setup of IT Guru

Initial Setup of IT Guru

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

To Setup the Models Directory

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

To Setup the Models Directory

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Frame Relay Advanced

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

from the Palette window This produces this list

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com

Copyright 2006-2008 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com