MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS AND ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

What Is Management? Who IS A Manager ?

What Are different Management Thoughts / Concepts

Who Are Managers?

Manager : Someone who coordinates and oversees the work of other people so that organizational goals can be achieved.

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Exhibit 11 Managerial Levels

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Exhibit 1-2 Universal Need for Management

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HISTORY OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT

No attention paid before 20th century Lowly profession compared to bankers and lawyers Treatment of management as an art or science confused people Belief that managers are born and not made

HISTORY OF EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THOUGHT Growing competition and complexity of managing large business organisations gave a push to the development of management concepts and principles. This led to the emergence of a variety of orientations or approaches in management.

DEFINITIONS OF MANAGEMENT
PRODUCTION ORIENTED DECISION ORIENTED PEOPLE ORIENTED FUNCTION ORIENTED

PRODUCTION ORIENTED DEFINITION

TAYLOR : Management is the art of knowing what you want to do and then seeing that it is done in the best and cheapest way

PRODUCTION ORIENTED DEFINITION

Features
Aim/Goal
Results Efficiency

Shortcomings: It does not specify how these objectives can be achieved.

DECISION ORIENTED DEFINITION

Stanley

Vance : Management is simply the process of decision-making and control over the action of humanbeings for the expressed purpose of attaining pre-determined goals.

PEOPLE ORIENTED DEFINITION

L.Apply

:Management is achievement of results through the efforts of other people Koontz : It is the art of getting things done through and with people in formally organised groups

PEOPLE ORIENTED DEFINITION

Features
Existence

of objectives Working with and through people

Shortcomings: It does not specify the functions or activities involved in the process of getting things done by or with the cooperation of other people

FUNCTION ORIENTED DEFINITION

Mac

Farland :Management is a process by which managers create, direct, maintain and operate purposive organisations through systematic, coordinated, cooperative human efforts

FEATURES OF MANAGEMENT
Existence

of objectives Organised activities Relation among resources Working with and through people Decision making

EXISTANCE OF OBJECTIVE: An objective or set of objectives should exist towards which the organised group activities are directed. The existence of objectives is a basic criterion of every human organisation. The organisational objectives are the desired state of affairs which an organisation attempts to realise. This realisation of objectives is sought through the coordinated efforts of the people constituting an organisation.

ORGANISED ACTIVITIES:
All organisations have one thing in common; they want to progress efficiently towards the achievement of their objectives, through coordinated efforts of people. This is done by management process. Management is a process of organised activities.

RELATIONSHIP AMONG RESOURCES: Organized activities meant to achieve common goals are brought about to establish certain relationships among the available resources. Resources include money, machine, materials and people. All these resources are made available to those who manage for getting desired results. Thus , the essence of management is integration of varoius organisational resources.

WORKING WITH AND THROUGH PEOPLE: Management involves working with people and getting organizational objectives achieved through them. The idea of working through people is interpreted in terms of assigning activities.

DECISION MAKING:
Management process involves decision making at various levels for getting thing done by others. Decision making basically involves selecting appropriate alternatives out of several.

Management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, working together in groups, achieve their aims effectively and efficiently.