AutoCAD .NET Training

Introduction to .NET AutoCAD .
NET API
Copyright Autodesk Developer Network 2010
Course Objective
It is to understand:
The fundamentals of the AutoCAD .NET API How to teach yourself the AutoCAD .NET API Where to get help afterwards
What
it is not:
Give you complete of coverage of all API functions
Special topics:
Teach you the basics of .NET framework with VB.NET Language
Class Agenda

Overview of .NET Plugin Basics User Interaction Database fundamentals Dictionaries User Interface Events Input PointMonitor Jigs
Overview of .NET: Framework basics
Why .NET?
Most used features

The development environment
Why are we using .NET?
The Microsoft standard development tool
Autodesk use .NET as 3rd party development platform for almost all products
We can use the same programming skills across multiple Autodesk products
Benefits of .NET
A huge collection of ready-to-use functions available inside the .NET Framework Many different languages available choose your weapon Learning curve quick start and development
Most used features of .NET
Basic types
Allow easy manipulation of basic data (integers, doubles, strings, arrays)
WinForms
Easy to create forms (dialogs)
Create by dragndrop Lots of ready-to-use controls
Lots of 3rd party developers create and expose features to .NET
Autodesk products are exposed to .NET
Not all products, but several
To use it, your add-in just have to reference the product API assembly (.dll)
Deeply integrated with Microsoft .NET
You can use them together, mixed, merged, blended
The IDE - Visual Studio
Professional and Free editions
For AutoCAD R18 (2010/2011): Visual Studio 2008 SP1
Intelisense
Assist you by auto completing your code
Key learning points
.NET is used across several Autodesk products
Powerful and easy to learn
We commonly use basic types and WinForms Reference other assemblies (.dll) to access new features The IDE is Visual Studio
Express edition - FREE
Class Agenda

Plugin Basics: Organizing the code
Namespaces
Methods and Properties

Best practices Parameters and return values
Namespaces
Group object by features
Example: The namespace Autodesk.AutoCAD.EditorInput group all features related to geometry in AutoCAD
Define the full qualified name of an object
Example: Autodesk.AutoCAD.EditorInput.Editor.WriteMessage
Use the imports keyword reduce the typing
Example: Imports Autodesk.AutoCAD.EditorInput then use the short Editor.WriteMessage
Methods
Parameters some methods require data
Return value we can use the returned value
For example to make a comparison or assign to another variable/object
Calling methods
Some methods just perform an action, just call
line.DrawOnScreen()
When a method require data, you need to create the data before call the method
myInteger = 10 line.Resize(myInteger)
Or pass the data directly
line.Resize(10)
Some methods return data
myInteger = spatialPoint.CalculateDistanceTo(anotherPoint)
Property
It is a method that do not require parameters
Usually do not execute an action

Always return a value
Method and Properties for Objects
A method execute an action for the context of the object
line.Resize(10) Only this line will be resized, not any other line
A property return a value that is used to define the object
myInteger = line.Length The length of this line only
Methods versus Properties
Method names contain verbs
Define an action Performa a task each time you call it
Property names contain nouns or adjectives
Refer to a sub data or characteristic
Best Practices to Create Methods
Use a name that make sense
Instead CrNLine, use CreateNewLine
Prefer create small/short methods that perform one task
Task equals the name of the method
Creating a Method
First declare the access level
Public: accessible from outside, required for custom commands Private: accessible only inside, usually used for internal methods
Method name cannot contain special chars or spaces and cannot start with numbers
Return value
Returning value
Sub return empty or Function return some value Public Sub MethodName() Public Function MethodName() As String
Do not return value
Return a String
Parameters
The parameter name is the variable name
You will use this variable inside the method
Can receive values to work with
Public Sub MethodName(param1 As String)
Parameter name
Parameter type
Method example
Multiply a number by other number
Public Function Multiply(number1 As Integer, _ number2 as Integer) as Integer Return number1 * number2 End Sub
Indicate an ENTER Notice the SPACE before
Key learning points
Methods can receive parameters and return values
Properties always return values

Best practice:
Methods with verbs Properties with nouns/adjectives
Preparing for first plugin: ObjectARX SDK
ObjectARX SDK
Help files Supporting files Samples
How does a plugin for AutoCAD works?

Reference to AutoCAD DLLs. Use it from ObjectARX INC folder
Code witten in Visual Basic .NET
Project VB.NET
Compile
Assembly (.dll)
Load inside AutoCAD with NETLOAD
Crearing a new VB.NET Project
Create a new project
Plugin for AutoCAD must be of type Class Library
Adding reference to AutoCAD
Add references
AcMdg Interface resources

C:\ObjectARX 2011\inc\AcMgd.dll
AcDbMgd Database resources

C:\ObjectARX 2011\inc\AcDbMgd.dll
IMPORTANT: Set Copy Local as FALSE
Routine as an AutoCAD custom command

1.
Regular VB routine
Imports Autodesk.AutoCAD.Runtime Imports Autodesk.AutoCAD.ApplicationServices Imports Autodesk.AutoCAD.EditorInput Public Class Class1 <CommandMethod("myCommand")> _ Public Sub myRoutine() 'Access the AutoCAD Editor Dim ed As Editor = Application. _ DocumentManager. _ MdiActiveDocument. _ Editor 'Write a simple message ed.WriteMessage(My Hello World") End Sub End Class
2.
3. 4. 5.
AutoCAD Imports
Mark the routine as command Access the editor Write a message
Now just compile, load inside AutoCAD with NETLOAD and call myCommand
Lab 1 Hello World
NETLOAD or Registry Keys

HKEY_CURRENT_USER For all users
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE For a specific user only SOFTWARE Autodesk AutoCAD R18.1 R17.0: 2007 .1: 2008 .2: 2009 R18.0: 2010 .1: 2011 409: English 416: Portuguese X000: Civil3D X001: AutoCAD 040A: Spanish "DESCRIPTION"="Custom App Name" "LOADER"="C:\\folder\\appName.dll" "LOADCTRLS"=dword:0000000e "MANAGED"=dword:00000001
ACAD-9001:409 Applications
YourAppName
Object ARX Wizards
Add-In
<<ObjectARX SDK folder>>\utils\ObjARXWiz\ArxWizards.msi
Templates for a VB.NET or C# application Up-to-date version at the blog
http://blogs.autodesk.com/through-the-interface
.NET Debugging Tools
Reflector
Browse .NET assemblies, disassemble, decompile
http://sharptoolbox.madgeek.com
Ildasm
Disassemble .NET assemblies
Visual Studio Tools
Fuslogv
Diagnose load time problems
Visual Studio Tools
FxCop
Check conformance with Design Guidelines
http://www.gotdotnet.com/team/fxcop/
Class Agenda

Prompting for User Input
Use PromptXXXOptions to set the parameters for prompting
XXX is the value type we want to prompt, Angle, String, Distance Use Message and Keywords properties Use AllowYYY to set conditions for prompting. For e.g., AllowNegative
To prompt, use Editors GetXXX functions
Examples - GetAngle, GetString, GetDistance Pass PromptXXXOptions into Editor.GetXXX
Result of prompting stored in PromptResult or derived types
Examples PromptDoubleResult, PromptIntegerResult etc.
Prompt for a point on screen
Config the options to select a point on screen

Dim pointOptions As New PromptPointOptions("Select a point: ")
Ask the user to select the point and store the selection result
Dim pointResult As PromptPointResult = ed.GetPoint(pointOptions)
Create a Point3d variable to store the selected point
Requires an additional imports for Point3d: Autodesk.AutoCAD.Geometry
Dim selectedPoint As Point3d = pointResult.Value
Write the point coordinates (XYZ)

ed.WriteMessage(selectedPoint.ToString())
More User Interaction
PromptsXXXOptions is used to control prompting such as
Set the Message

Enter Number of Sides: Enter Number of Sides [Triangle/Square/Pentagon] : Enter Number of Sides [Triangle/Square/Pentagon] <3>:
Set Keywords Set Defaults

Set Allowed values

Enter Number of Sides [Triangle/Square/Pentagon] <3>: -5
Value must be positive and nonzero.
PromptXXXResult is used to obtain result of prompting
Lab 2 User Input
Additional prompts
Types:
PromptPointOptions PromptStringOptions PromptDoubleOptions PromptAngleOptions PromptCornerOptions PromptDistanceOptions PromptEntityOptions PromptIntegerOptions PromptKeywordOptions PromptNestedEntityOptions PromptNestedEntityOptions PromptSelectionOptions Etc.
Help file for the rescue!
Help File: Reference Guide
<<ObjectARX SDK folder>>\docs\arxmgd.chm
Class Agenda

AutoCAD DWG as a Database
In-Memory representation of the DWG File
Objects are stored hierarchically in the database - Db Structure

All objects have identities ObjectId, like Primary Key in a relational database Objects can refer to other objects such as a line having a reference to a layer
Database Primary Key: Object Identity (ObjectID)
All Objects that exist in the database have an ObjectId
Is unique per session (or instance) of AutoCAD Not persistent Is generated automatically for an object when it is added Non-database resident objects do not have an ObjectId set Get it using ObjectId property
All database objects also have an Handle
May NOT be unique per session Persistent Get it using Handle property
Database Structure: Overview

Database
BlockTable
LayerTable
Other tabels
DBDictionary Materials Visual Styles Others

(Custom)
TextStyleTable
DimStyleTable BlockTableRecord Model Space Paper Space 0 Paper Space 1 Other blocks LayerTableRecord 0 Other layers UcsTable LineTypeTable
ViewTable
ViewportTable RegAppTable
Snoop Tools (for AutoCADs database)
ArxDbg (C++) ObjectARX SDK
MgdDbg(C#) ADN
Transactions: Overview
Every operation should be done inside a transaction, read or write
AutoCAD never return the object/entity directly, only the ObjectId

Use the ObjectId with a Transaction to GetObject Each outermost transaction represents an UNDO
StartTransaction GetObject ( Model Space ID ) Database Transaction
Model Space . Append ( Entity )

Commit
Transaction.GetObject method
Use GetObject to open an object
Transaction.GetObject( ObjectId , OpeningMode)
ObjectId: obtained from different ways Opening Mode:
ForRead: only to read information, faster ForWrite: to read and write information, fill the UNDO mechanism
Recommend procedure:
Open ForRead, then if required, UpgradeOpen to ForWrite Open ForWrite if you will write
Using a Transaction to Get an Object
First access the Database
The Using keyword dispose (finish) the transaction

Finally open the object using its objectId
'Acess the Database Dim db As Database = Application.DocumentManager.MdiActiveDocument.Database 'Start a transaction Using trans As Transaction = db.TransactionManager.StartTransaction
'Get the BlockTable Dim bt As BlockTable = trans.GetObject(db.BlockTableId, OpenMode.ForRead)

End Using 'Dispose the transaction
Transactions: Scope
Can be:
Committed: all operations are saved - Transaction.Commit() Aborted: all operations are discarded Transaction.Abort()
Can be nested
The outermost still have control e.g. if aborted, all nested are too
1
Transaction 2 Transaction 1
obj1 obj2
2
obj2 obj3
obj1 Database
obj3 obj2
Database Components: Symbol Tables
SymbolTables: BlockTable, LayerTable and others
Symbol Tables
Containers to store Symbol Table Records Example BlockTableRecord, LayerTableRecord
All Symbol Tables have common methods of a container such as

Add to add a record Item to lookup an entry with a search string Has To know if an entry exists
Is enumerable Iterate with For Each
Using Transaction: new block definition

Dim db As Database = Application.DocumentManager.MdiActiveDocument.Database Using trans As Transaction = db.TransactionManager.StartTransaction Dim bt As BlockTable = trans.GetObject(db.BlockTableId, OpenMode.ForRead) 'Check if contains 'myBlock' If Not (bt.Has("myBlock")) Then
Same as previous slide Check if the block already exist
'Create a new block Dim myBlock As New BlockTableRecord myBlock.Name = "myBlock" 'Change the bt (BlockTable) to ForWrite bt.UpgradeOpen()
Create a new block (in memory) Change the block table to ForWrite
'Add the new block to the BlockTable Append the new block to block table bt.Add(myBlock) Now it is database resident Inform the transaction about new objects trans. AddNewlyCreatedDBObject(myBlock, True) ALWAYS inform the transaction End If 'Save changes to the Database Save changes trans.Commit() Tip: Commit is faster than Abort End Using 'Dispose the transaction
Using Transaction: list all block table records
This will list all BTRs, includins Model Space, all Paper Spaces, and any other block (internal or user-defined)
Dim db As Database = Application.DocumentManager.MdiActiveDocument.Database Using trans As Transaction = db.TransactionManager.StartTransaction Dim bt As BlockTable = trans.GetObject(db.BlockTableId, OpenMode.ForRead)
'Iterate through the collection of BTRs For Each btrId As ObjectId In bt 'open each BTR Dim btr As BlockTableRecord = trans.GetObject(btrId, OpenMode.ForRead)
'Write the block table record name ed.WriteMessage(btr.Name) Next End Using
Database Structure: Model Space
Under BlockTable
Database BlockTable
Model Space is a BlockTableRecord (BTR)
This concept also applies to Paper Spaces and other internal and user-defined blocks
BlockTableRecord
Model Space
Each BTR contains Entities

One type of entity for each geometric type Is enumerable Iterate with For Each
Entity Line Polyline MText Circle Many others...
Append an Entity to Model Space

Dim db As Database = Application.DocumentManager.MdiActiveDocument.Database Using trans As Transaction = db.TransactionManager.StartTransaction 'open the current space (can be any BTR, usually model space) Dim mSpace As BlockTableRecord = trans.GetObject(db.CurrentSpaceId, _ OpenMode.ForWrite)
Open the current space for 'Create and configure a new line write. Can be any other BTR. Dim newLine As New Line newLine.StartPoint = New Point3d(0, 0, 0) Create and configure a newLine.EndPoint = New Point3d(10, 10, 0) new line (in-memory)
'Append to model space mSpace.AppendEntity(newLine)
Append to the current space, now the line it is database resident
'Inform the transaction trans.AddNewlyCreatedDBObject(newLine, True) End Using 'Dispose the transaction
Database Components: Class Map
Object memory management

Note managed objects wrap an unmanaged C++ object!
So we create them with New, Do they need to be disposed?
No - garbage collection disposes the object when it wants to reclaim memory

If the object is not in the database this deletes the underlying unmanaged object If the object is in the database this Closes the underlying unmanaged object
If opened in a transaction, disposing or committing the transaction closes it automatically! Clean memory management.
Manual Dispose is required in a few cases, e.g. Transaction (Using)
Error or Exception
The runtime throw an error/exception when cannot execute one line of code
Several different reasons, sometimes unpredictable Autodesk host application usually throw treatable exceptions
e.g. invalid variable, data or context
Dealing with exceptions
A .NET add-in code cannot treat ALL exceptions
Specially when occur at the host application
Usually we can treat add-in level exception Good mechanism to try something we are not sure if will work fine often used on our trainings
Be fearless: Try
VB.NET
Try 'try something here Catch End Try
Required More next slide
Try some code inside TRY
Investigate: Catch
VB.NET
Try Catch (ex As Exception) 'something went wrong 'treat it here End Try
Optional This ex variable contains valuable information to understant the exception
If something went wrong during TRY, the runtime stop the execution and move to CATCH
Be organized: Finally
VB.NET
Try Catch Finally 'clean up here End Try
Optional We usually clean up a variable or close a connection This block is always executed, regardless if succeed (TRY) or fail (CATCH)
Summary of Try/Catch/Finally
To handle exception, try and catch are required
ex parameter is optional Finally block is optional
Examples:

Try get an collection item, if does not exist, create inside Catch Open a document and Try change it, Catch if is read-only, Finally close it (for success or fail)
Reusable transaction
Dragndrop to Visual Studio Toolbox
Dim db As Database = Application.DocumentManager.MdiActiveDocument.Database Using trans As Transaction = db.TransactionManager.StartTransaction Try trans.Commit() Catch ex As Exception trans.Abort() End Try End Using
Lab 3 Create Entity, Block and Block Reference
Class Agenda

Dictionaries
Dictionaries (Type DbDictionary)

Containers to hold data only

Holds other Dictionaries
Holds non-graphical Objects (derived from DbObject but not DbEntity!)

Is enumerable

Each item has a string key Items searchable with a string key using GetAt() or Item
Named Object Dic. and Extension Dic.

Two Root dictionaries
Named Objects Dictionary (NOD)
Owned by the database Available by default Used to store database level data
Extension Dictionary
Owned by an Entity Created by the user only when needed Used to store entity level data
Use SnoopDb to look where the dictionaries are stored
How open a Dictionary
Named Object Dictionary (Database-level)

'The NOD always exist, can open directly Dim nod As DBDictionary = trans.GetObject(db.NamedObjectsDictionaryId, OpenMode.ForRead)
Extension Dictionary (Entity-level)

'The Extension Dictionary may not exist for a specific entity Dim line As Line = trans.GetObject(lineId, OpenMode.ForRead)
Check if the ObjectId is null, create if necessary If (line.ExtensionDictionary.IsNull) Then line.CreateExtensionDictionary() 'Create the Ext. Dic. End If 'Open the Extension Dictionary Dim extDic As DBDictionary = trans.GetObject(line.ExtensionDictionary, OpenMode.ForRead)
Dictionary Hierarchy
Named Object Dictionary
Extension Dictionary
DBDictionary
SetAt GetAt
DBDictionary
SetAt GetAt
One DBDictionary can contain others. Good to organize the structure. Also avoid conflict with other apps.
Xrecord
Data
ResultBuffer
New AsArray
Array of TypeValues
Lab 5 - Dictionary
Runtime Type Identification
Why we need to know the type of an Entity?
Some collections can contain different types

Get the type of each item, then decide what to do This is very common and useful for Autodesk add-in development
Get Type of a Variable
Every variable have a GetType method

Dim myString As String myString = "something text here"
Dim variableType As Type variableType = myString.GetType() MessageBox.Show(variableType.ToString())
Type comparison
Compare one variable type against another

Useful when we dont know the type
Very common with Autodesk APIs
If (someVariable.GetType() Is GetType(String)) Then 'now we know is a String! End If
Convert between types
First and very important: We cannot convert from any type to any type
For .NET types, there are method for it For AutpCAD API, you need to consult the Class Map
Technical name: cast
Direct conversion: The easy way

You know is possible, but you are not sure

Common used:
CInt(variable): convert to Integer CStr for string, CDbl for double
The variable parameter can be almost anything that make sense (string or numeric)
Direct conversion: The faster way
You are sure is possible
Faster than CInt, CStr, etc

CType(variable, type) Throw exception when it is not possible
Lets try before convert
Good when you do not know if is possible
If failed, just return Nothing (no exception)
TryCast(variable, type)
Dim myString As String myString = TryCast(someVariable, String) If (myString IsNot Nothing) Then 'ok, the conversion went fine End If
Key learning points
The GetType return the type of any variable
Use Is or IsNot keyword to compare types

Direct conversions with CInt, CStr, etc, and with CType
TryCast if you are not sure, then check if is not Nothing
Class Agenda

Forms and UI Basics
WinForm API basics
How create a form

Common used controls Respond to user actions Using the form
Windows OS is based on windows
Everything on screen is some type of window
You move focus across windows
The window with focus is usually highlighted and will receive keyboard input
Forms are specialized windows
Can host other windows, in this case controls
Forms with WinForms API
Require reference to System.Windows.dll
The DevCamp template already have the assemblies
Namespace System.Windows.Forms Main features
Forms Controls for forms (button, textbox, combobox) Ready to use forms (dialogs to open, save, folder) Others (menus, ribbon, tooltip)
Forms in real life

Form without focus
Form with focus (highlighted)

Form control: Textbox (with focus, cursor)
Form control: Label
Form control: Button
Creating my first Form
Add a Windows Form
Add controls for the form
Controls are variable too
Each control is a variable rename for further use

Current variable name and type
Select a control, mouse right-click Change the name here
Properties
Do something when the user click!
For some controls we need execute something when the user interacts with it
Example: when the user clicks on a button
Select Events Select a button, mouse right-click, Properties Select Click, then mouse double-click to create the method button1_click
Or just double-click on the button, same result
Key learning points
Create a new form using menu Project, Add Windows Form
Common used controls: label, textbox, button

Perform actions after interaction with user using events How use a form with ShowDialog method
Create the control events
TIP
Using a form inside AutoCAD
Modal forms
Application.ShowModalDialog
Modeless forms (consider Palette instead)
Application.ShowModelessDialog
Persists size and position automatically
Context menu
Application Level
Application.AddDefaultContextMenuExtension
Object Level
Application. AddObjectContextMenuExtension per RXClass
Tabbed Dialog Extensions
Create a new tab inside Options dialog
Class Agenda

Event Handling - Example
Create the event handler (callback)

Sub objAppended(ByVal o As Object, ByVal e As ObjectEventArgs) 'Do something here 'Do something else, etc. End Sub
Associate the event handler with an event

Dim db As Database = Application.DocumentManager.MdiActiveDocument.Database AddHandler db.ObjectAppended, New ObjectEventHandler(AddressOf objAppended)
Disconnect the event handler

RemoveHandler db.ObjectAppended, AddressOf objAppended
PaletteSet
Custom dockable window inside AutoCAD
In the Autodesk.AutoCAD.Windows namespace
PaletteSets contain controls such as a UserControl
Use Visual Studio wizards to create the controls Use the Add method of the PaletteSet the add the UserControl
PaletteSet 2
PaletteSet Constructor takes a unique GUID In Visual Studio On the Tools menu select "Create Guid".
Before creating the PaletteSet test to see if it already exists. Use a global member variable for the PaletteSet
Lab 4 - PaletteSet and Database Events
Class Agenda

InputPoint Monitor
Allows you to monitor relevant inputs in AutoCAD, an extremely powerful API. Provides relevant data to the input received - OSnap, Draw context, various computed points, Entities underneath the aperture, etc. Also allows you to draw temporary graphics, and to easily implement Tooltips Created with the PointMonitor event the Editor
The Delegate is a PointMonitorEventHandler
Lab 6 - PointMonitor
Class Agenda

Jigs

Allows you to graphically manipulate and form an Entity in real time
Two types of Jig available

EntityJig controls only one entity DrawJig controls one or more
Need to use a Class that Inherits from EntityJig or DrawJig Two functions that must be overriden: Sampler and Update
The constructor for this class takes the entity being jigged
Use the Editor Drag function to start the jig
Lab 7 - Jig
Thank You!
Autodesk

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AutoCAD .NET Training

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Introduction to .NET AutoCAD .

Copyright Autodesk Developer Network 2010

Give you complete of coverage of all API functions

Teach you the basics of .NET framework with VB.NET Language

Copyright Autodesk Developer Network 2010

Copyright Autodesk Developer Network 2010

Overview of .NET: Framework basics

Most used features

Copyright Autodesk Developer Network 2010

Why are we using .NET?

The Microsoft standard development tool

Copyright Autodesk Developer Network 2010

Copyright Autodesk Developer Network 2010

Most used features of .NET

Allow easy manipulation of basic data (integers, doubles, strings, arrays)

Easy to create forms (dialogs)

Create by dragndrop Lots of ready-to-use controls

Lots of 3rd party developers create and expose features to .NET

Copyright Autodesk Developer Network 2010

Autodesk products are exposed to .NET

Not all products, but several

You can use them together, mixed, merged, blended

Copyright Autodesk Developer Network 2010

The IDE - Visual Studio

Professional and Free editions

For AutoCAD R18 (2010/2011): Visual Studio 2008 SP1

Assist you by auto completing your code

Copyright Autodesk Developer Network 2010

Key learning points

.NET is used across several Autodesk products

Powerful and easy to learn

Express edition - FREE

Copyright Autodesk Developer Network 2010

Copyright Autodesk Developer Network 2010

Plugin Basics: Organizing the code

Methods and Properties

Copyright Autodesk Developer Network 2010

Group object by features

Define the full qualified name of an object

Use the imports keyword reduce the typing

Example: Imports Autodesk.AutoCAD.EditorInput then use the short Editor.WriteMessage

Copyright Autodesk Developer Network 2010

Parameters some methods require data

Return value we can use the returned value

For example to make a comparison or assign to another variable/object

Copyright Autodesk Developer Network 2010

Some methods just perform an action, just call

Or pass the data directly

Some methods return data

Copyright Autodesk Developer Network 2010

It is a method that do not require parameters

Usually do not execute an action

Copyright Autodesk Developer Network 2010

Method and Properties for Objects

A method execute an action for the context of the object

A property return a value that is used to define the object

myInteger = line.Length The length of this line only

Copyright Autodesk Developer Network 2010

Methods versus Properties

Method names contain verbs

Define an action Performa a task each time you call it

Property names contain nouns or adjectives

Refer to a sub data or characteristic