COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN

LECTURE 03

DRAWING OBJECTS

ENGR. ASSAD YOUSAFZAI

CONTENTS
1.

STARTING NEW DRAWING

2.

USER COORDINATE SYSTEM

SNAP & GRID FUNCTIONS POLAR TRACKING FUNCTION

3.

4.

5.

ORTHO TRACKING FUNCTION

DEFINING UNITS AND PRECISIONS DRAWING LINES

6.

7.

8.

CONSTRUCTION LINES
RAY (UNI-DIRECTIONAL CONSTRUCTION LINES)

9.

STARTING A NEW DRAWING

START MENU PROGRAM AutoDesk AutoCAD 20xx Select Acad.dwt template in start up dialog box If the startup dialog box doesnt appear, Click on Tools Options System Select

Show Start Up dialog box from the Start Up drop down menu

Ensure that Grid, Snap and Model buttons on task bar are turned ON.

COMMAND LINE WINDOW & UNITS AND THEIR PRECISION

Command Window:

Command line window appears below the main screen and above the task bar Commands are entered through keyboard Function key F2 toggles the display of maximized Command Window showing all commands entered

Units and Precisions:

Command: Units
Used to select unit types and precisions

User Coordinate System

Default UCS (World)

Defining New UCS

Command: Type ucs and press enter to get options You may change the move UCS, define new UCS, Save UCS and much more options

To get back the default UCS

Command: UCS & press enter Type world or only W and press enter

Static vs Dynamic UCS

Using function key F6 to switch between static and dynamic UCS

Snap & Grid

Grid

Set of evenly spaced, visible dots

Serve as a visual distance reference. The grid (by default) also indicates how far the drawing limits extend. Default Grid is Half a unit apart (0.500 unit) Press Function Key F7 to turn default Grid on May be customized through;

Grid command OR Right click on Grid tab and selecting settings

Snap & Grid

Command: grid Specify grid spacing (X) or [ON/OFF/Snap/Aspect] <0.5000>:

Options:
1.

Type ON and press Enter to turn default Grid On (OR) Simply Enter to select a default (half unit grid) Type a numerical value say 2 and press Enter to select 2 x 2 unit grid Type Snap or only S and press enter adjust Grid = Snap Type Aspect or only A to select vertical and horizontal grid spacing differently

2.

3.

4.

5.

Snap & Grid

Snap

Creates a set of evenly spaced, invisible hot spots Makes the crosshairs/Cursor move in even increments (verify from UCs) Press Function Key F9 to turn default Snap on May be customized through;

Snap command OR

Right click on Snap tab on task bar and selecting settings

Model Space

Snap & Grid

Command: snap Specify snap spacing or [ON/OFF/Aspect/Rotate/Style/Type] <0.5000>:

Options:
1.

Press Enter to select default snap =0.5000 units Type Aspect or only A and press Enter to select horizontal and vertical snap spacing separately Type Rotate or only R to change direction of snap to some other angle Snap Style can be standard or isometric Snap Type is either polar or grid (See Polar Snaps in coming slides)

2.

3.

4.

5.

Drawing Lines
Command: LINE Specify first point: (pick P1=1,1) Specify next point or [Undo]: (pick P2 =9,9) Specify next point or [Undo]: (Enter to end) ________________________________________

Command: LINE Specify first point: 1,1 Specify next point or [Undo]: @8,8 Specify next point or [Undo]: (Enter to end) ________________________________________

Command: LINE Specify first point: (pick P1=1,1) Specify next point or [Undo]: @9.8994<45 Specify next point or [Undo]: (Enter to end) ________________________________________

Drawing Lines

Direct Distance Entry Method:

Command: LINE Specify first point: (pick P1=1,1) Move the cursor diagonally to select the direction of next point (45o) Enter the length of the line through keyboard (9.8994) and press Enter

ERASE:

Click on line segment, Right Click and erase or press e and enter

Drawing Construction Lines

Line of infinite length which passes through two picked points Very useful for creating construction frameworks or grids within which to design. They are not used in finished drawing therefore kept in separate layer to remove later --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Command: XLINE Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: (pick a point) Specify through point: (pick a second point) Specify through point: (Enter to end or pick another through point) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Options in XLINE Command

Hor- To draw Horizontal Construction Lines Ver- To draw Vertical Construction Lines Ang- To draw Angular Construction Lines Bisect- To bisect/divide an angle into two equal parts Offset- To draw a construction Line parallel to some object side or surface

RAY Command

Construction line that extends only in one direction from the 1st pick point Direction of extension is specified by second pick point

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Command: RAY Specify start point: (pick the start point) Specify through point: (pick a second point to determine direction) Specify through point: (Enter to end or pick another point) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ortho Tracking (F8), Polar Tracking (F10) & Polar Snap functions

While creating or modifying objects in AutoCAD, tracking techniques are used to display temporary alignment paths (Polar Angles) and distances along these paths (Polar Distances). Ortho tracking is used to specify/display alignment paths along orthogonal poles only i.e. polar angles of 0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 degree (Practice Example 1) (F8 Toggles Ortho Function On/Off) Polar Tracking can be used to specify a variety of polar angles and thus display temporary alignment paths to help easier different angles specification F10 function key toggles Polar Tracking On/Off Polar Snap is used to track/specify polar distances along selected polar angles

Example 1 Drawing Rectangle with lines using ortho function

Turn Ortho function ON by clicking on Ortho button on task bar or by pressing F8

(3,9)

6,9

Invoke Line command and click on screen to pick a starting point as 3,3
Move the cursor around the point and notice that it will show a temporary alignment line along 4 orthogonal poles Move the cursor along 0 degree pole to Pick another point 6,3 Repeat the process to draw the shown rectangle

Practicing Ortho Function

(3,3)

(6,3)

Example 2 Practicing Polar Tracking

Right click Polar button on task bar and go to settings

225o

Set increment angle to 45o

Click on screen to pick a point P1 Move the cursor around and notice that the a tool tip showing current angle and the polar distance appears as the cursor crosses every 45 degree angular increment Pick another point P2 at 90 degree angle with P1 Again move the cursor around P2 to select polar angle of 225 degree Drop a line at point P3 on Horizontal Axis along this polar angle of 225 degree to construct the shape as shown
P3 P1

P2

90o

P3

P1

P2

Example 3 Using Polar Snap

Right click on Polar button and go to settings Turn on Polar Tracking Set increment angle to 30 Right click snap and go to settings Check the Snap On box Select Polar Snap
12 20 210o 20 12 30o 180o

Set polar distance to 1.000 unit

Draw the parallelogram as shown in figure

0o

AutoCAD Commands

Circle Rectangle Linear dimensioning

Practice Exercises

Draw a line from (3,2) to (4,8) using key board only Draw a line from (6,6) to (7,5) using mouse only Draw a line from (6,6) to (12,12) by direct distance method Undo all the lines drawn Draw a square with corners (2,2), (7,2), (7,7) & (2,7) Erase this square using the erase command

Practice Exercises

Design GRATE Design SHIM Design STAMP

Design TILE
Polygon

Exercises
Draw the following Octagon using Line Command

Each side length = 8 units

Angles increment by 45o

The bottom right corner lies at point (4,5)

(4,5)