Impulse and Momentum

9.1 Momentum and Impulse 9.2 Solving impulse and momentum problems 9.3 Conservation of momentum 9.4 Explosions 9.5 Inelastic Collisions 9.6 Momentum in two Dimension 9.7 Angular Momentum

Collision

The rapidly changing magnitude Of the force during collision

Stop to think 9.1 Stop to think 9.2 Stop to think 9.3 Stop to think 9.4 Stop to think 9.5 Example 9.1 Example 9.3 Example 9.4 Example 9.6 Example 9.9

P244 P247 P253 P255 P257 P245 P250 P251 P254 P259

Momentum
Fx(t) = max(t)= m(dVx)/dt

d (mVx) Fxdt
We define: Momentum = p mV Momentum is a vector Its x-component and y-component are

px mVx py mVy

Impulse
From above:

px pfx pix Fx(t )dt

ti

tf

Impulse is equal to momentum change We define: Impulse

Jx Fx(t )dt
ti

tf

Quick think
What is the carts change of momentum ?

30kgm/s

Ex.9.1
px Jx 0.15kg (40 20)m / s
3000N

Momentum Bar Charts

From

px Jx pfx pix Jx

Conservation of Momentum
d ( px )1 ( Fx ) 2 on 1 dt

d ( px)2 ( Fx)1 on 2 ( Fx)2 on 1 dt

d [( px)1 ( px)2] 0 dt

The sum of the momentum does not chang

Ie. The sum of the momentum after the T Collision equals the sum of the momentum Before the collision.

Law of conservation of momentum

The total momentum of an isolated system is a constant. Interactions within the system do not change the system momentum.

m1(Vfx )1 m 2(Vfx ) 2 ....... m1(Vix )1 m 2(Vix ) 2 .......

Objects A and C are made of different materials, with different springiness, but they have the same mass and initially at rest. When ball B collides with object A, the ball ends up at rest. When B is thrown with the same speed and collides with object C, the ball rebounds to the left. Compare the velocities of A and C after the collisions. Is Va Greater than, equal to, or less than Vc.

mBVB 0 0 mAVA

mBVB 0 mBV B mCVC

'

Explosions
An explosion, where the particles of the system move apart from each other after a intense interaction. Ex. Recoil. A rifle firing a bullet Before: the total momentum is zero After: The total momentum is

mBVxB mRVxR
From

mB mBVxB mRVxR 0 VxR VxB mR

Inelastic Collision
If, after collision, the energy does not conserve, this kind of collision is called as Inelastic collision. Perfectly inelastic collision: A collision in which the two objects stick together and move with a common final velocity. Ex. Bullet embedding itself in the wood. The law of conservation of momentum for perfectly inelastic collision

m1(Vix)1 m2(Vix)2 (m1 m2)Vfx

Ex. 9.8 Momentum in a car cracsh

(1) Find the deceleration from V1x to stop (2) Find the velocity V1x, using kinematics equation, this is the velocity after collision. (3) Find velocity of Volkswagen before collision using the law of momentum conservation

Momentum in Two Dimensions

Momentum conservation involve motion in a plane Each component of momentum is conserved

( Pfx)1 ( Pfx)2 ( Pfx)3 ..... ( Pix)1 ( Pix) 2 ( Pix)3 ...

( Pfy )1 ( Pfy)2 ( Pfy)3 ..... ( Piy)1 ( Piy) 2 ( Piy)3 .....

Momentum in a 2D car crash

Angular momentum Angular momentum is defined as L = rmv Law of conservation of angular momentu The angular momentum of a particle (or system of particles) in circular motion does not change unless there is a net torque.