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Outline
Background on Landslides Landslides Prediction System Architecture Solution Evaluation

Landslides
A landslide is an catastrophic event where a block of earthen mass slides downhill. Cause significant loss of life and billions of dollars each year.

Landslides Prediction
Although a basic understanding of the landslides is available, system that predict the occurrence of a landslide do NOT exist. Why?
The lack of field measurements over large temporal and spatial scales.

Landslides Prediction
The development of a landslide is a temporal process
takes as long as a year to develop Movement speed, several cm per month

Landslides are spatial in nature.

Position Movement direction

This paper propose a WSN to detect the early signals preceding a landslide.

System Architecture
Sensor Column
Geophone Strain Gauge Pore Pressure Transducer

System Architecture

Deployment
A network of sensor columns Placed in vertical holes drilled over the hill surface

Using sensor columns to detect movements

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Solution Outline
Geophones estimate displacement dij(t) Based on distance matrix D=[dij(t)]
Detection
Determine whether slip surface has formed

Classification
Estimate subset of sensors that moved

Localization
Compute location of slip surface

Example
Detection & Classification & Localization

Detection
Use strain gauges on each sensor column
Can measure changes in their length due to deformation

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Classification
Determine which sensors are above and below the slip surface Basic principles: Distance between two nodes
Below the slip surface should not change Across the slip surface is likely to change Above the slip surface would see a small change The nodes located closest to the known rigid part are unlikely to move. (anchor nodes)
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Classification
Voting Algorithm
Note state: {0, 1, U} Initially: anchors=0, rest=U Repeat until all nodes classified
Update node is state based on votes from neighbors j
If j in U, no vote If dij=0, vote is equal to js state If dij0, vote is equal to complement of js state

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Localization
Localize moved nodes using trilateration Slip surface estimation

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Evaluation
Evaluation metrics
Average and std. dev of localization error Max. distance between actual and estimated slip plane

Abstract network model

Communications are error-free Nodes do not fail

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Summary
Propose a WSN for the prediction of landslides Design a system to detect the early signals preceding a landslides.
Simple Measurement WSN Temporal & Spatial Measurement

Prediction Civil Engineering

Finite Element Analysis

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Remarks
Localization for a specific application (landslides prediction)
NOT for general purpose.

Localization for a group of sensors (sensors above slip surface)

NOT for a single sensor node.

Localization for moving sensor

although there is only a little movement
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Thanks!

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