Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Learning Outcomes
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of databases Explain the components of a database Describe the various data types Explain the types of databases Explain data warehouses, data marts and data mining Explain the functions of various information systems
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Databases
Collections of related data Easily stored, sorted, organized, and queried Turn data into information
Disadvantages of Databases
Complex to construct Time consuming Expensive Privacy concerns
Database Terminology
Field: A category of information, displayed in columns Record: A group of related fields
Database Terminology
Data type: Type of data that can be stored in a field
Data Type Text Numeric Computational Date Memo Used to Store Alphabetic or alphanumeric data Numbers Computational formulas Dates in standard date notation Long blocks of text Example of Data Stored in the Field Mary, CIS110 256, 1.347, $5600 Credit hours x per-credit tuition charges 4/15/2012 Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Object Hyperlink
Multimedia files or documents MP3 file, AVI file A hyperlink to a Web page on the www.pearsonhighered.com/techinaction Internet 8
Database Terminology
Table: A group of related records Primary key: A field value unique to a record
Database Types
Relational databases
Organize data in tables Link tables to each other through their primary keys
Object-oriented databases
Store data in objects Also store methods for processing data Handle unstructured data such as audio clips, video clips, pictures, and extremely large documents
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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Application software designed to capture and analyze data Contain multiple tables Four main operations of a DBMS:
Creating databases and entering data Viewing and sorting data Extracting data Outputting data
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Data Validation
Validation
Process of ensuring that data entered into the database is correct (or at least reasonable) and complete
Validation rules
Range checks Completeness checks Consistency checks Alphabetic/numeric checks
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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Data Validation
Alphabetic check
Range check
Consistency check
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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Data Storage
Data warehouse
Large-scale repository of data Organizes all the data related to an organization
Data mart
Small slices of data Data for a single department
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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Data Mining
Process by which great amounts of data are analyzed and investigated Objective is to spot patterns or trends within the data
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Summary report:
Consolidated detailed data
Exception report:
Unusual conditions
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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Expert Systems
Deal with expert knowledge in a particular area Expert systems:
Help in making decisions Use artificial intelligence principles Provide technical support for customers
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SSO
Tactical decisions Operational decisions
TPS
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