Geography GCSE Edexcel Specification A Revision - Economic

Geography GCSE Revision
Edexcel Specification A
CDunne/TYork (c)2008
Getting Organised!
E.G. 16/04 23/04 30/04 07/05 14/05 21/05
Mon
Tues
Wed
Thu
Fri
Sat
Sun
The Economic World Economic Systems Sectors of Industry Farming Characteristics of Farming Secondary Industries Factors affecting location of secondary activities ICT in Bracknell
Employment structure as an How farming is changing indicator of differences between countries How patterns change over time EU - CAP Case Studies Rice farming in the Philippines EU changes in UK What happened to Mr Redferns farm?
Informal/Formal industry
DETAILS = Marks
Bracknell, which companies? Where were they located? Names of roads, industrial estates etc? Fiat in Brazil Similar details as above. Mention the cities, the employment nos etc.
Sectors of Industry
Most of this section is examined on paper 3H/1F

What are they? How do employment patterns differ between countries? How do employment patterns change over time? How can you display all of this graphically?
Economic World PRIMARY ACTIVITY

Key Qs: Farming systems have different characteristics (What are they?) All farming systems have been experiencing change (What are they?)
Farming as a System
Inputs Sunlight Rainfall / water supply Land / soil Labour (workforce) Capital (money) Seeds / fertiliser / pesticides animals Outputs Crops Animals Animal products e.g. milk / meat Outputs: a) To sell b) Farmers own use
Factors Affecting Farming Social & Economic Factors Labour Capital (money Technology Markets Government Environmental Factors Climate Relief Soil
Types of Agriculture 1. Enterprise: Arable Pastoral Mixed 2. Intensity of Production: Intensive Extensive 3. Subsistence/Commercial
Processes Cultivation of crops e.g. ploughing, irrigation Rearing of animals
Feedback
Do you know your case studies? Intensive Wet Rice Farming Philippines EU Changes in the UK (CAP)
CAP Make sure you know what is this and what changes it brought: Diversification Set-aside Quotas CDunne/TYork (c)2008
List examples of other primary activities.
Types of Farming
Global General Knowledge
Specialisation Arable Pastoral Mixed Economic Status: Commercial farming Subsistence farming Intensity of Land Use: Extensive Intensive Political Organic What do all of these produce?
Type of Farming Nomadic Hunting Nomadic herding Shifting cultivation Intensive subsistence agriculture Plantation agriculture Livestock ranching (commercial pastoral) Cereal cultivation Mixed farming Mediterranean agriculture Irrigation Unsuitable CDunne/TYork (c)2008 Example Aborigines, Australia Maasai in Kenya Amerindians in Amazonia Rice farming in the Ganges Delta Sugar cane in Brazil Beef on the Pampas Canadian Prairies Netherlands Southern Italy Nile Valley, California Sahara Desert
Factors Affecting Farming

Relief Soils Fertiliser Marketing
Physical Factors
Temperature Rainfall
Human Factors
Competition for land Government aid Mechanisation
Size of farm
Wet Rice Farming

Location Maximo Casiendo s farm at Barangay Bay The Flora Community
Case Study: Changes affecting Farming Systems in the EU

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Home Farm, West Midlands But where is this??? Sheep worth less than crisps! Set aside: EU funded scheme to reduce surpluses Farmers are paid not to grow anything for 5 years (left fallow) Payment = up to 300 per year! Diversification to Caravans and B&B Renting land out for Grazing BUT Think about what has happened in 2008 to farming and food
Common Agricultural Policy

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Created in 1962 Aims: To protect farmers incomes To ensure reasonable and steady prices for consumers To increase production to provide sufficient food supplies Grants and subsidies money for farmers who farm in difficult areas Price support a guaranteed minimum price for agricultural produce (may cause surpluses Not sustainable big changes in current news articles look them up.
Case Study: How is Farming Changing?

1. 2. a) b) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Diversification: This is when farmers develop business initiatives other than farming Examples: Barns converted in to holiday cottages, garden centres and farm shops Tea shops Agribusinesses: LargeLarge-scale, highly efficient farms Organised on scientific and business principles Includes a chain of suppliers and retailers Belongs to a group of other farms Able to reduce cost of inputs economies of scale
Quick Quiz
1. Make a list of all the factors that affect farming you mind find it easier to split them into physical and human factors. 2. What are: a) Arable farms b) Pastoral farms c) Mixed farms? 3. Explain what is meant by the following: a) Intensive farms b) Extensive farms c) Subsistence farms d) Commercial farms 4. What does CAP stand for? 5. What is diversification?
Factors affecting the location of secondary industries

Land Raw materials
Market
What is needed?
Energy
Environment Labour
Capital
Transport/communications (links)
The Economic World SECONDARY ACTIVITIES

Economic Activities: 1. The location of manufacturing industries 2. The location of distribution industries
What other types of economic activity are there?
Industry as a System
Inputs Raw materials Land Labour Power Transport Capital (money) Outputs Finished product for the consumer or to other industries Waste products
Processes Making the goods Process Packaging Distribution
Location of Industry Where? Why? Case Studies: Heavy industry e.g. iron & steel Industry Footloose Industry e.g. Hi-tech industry Distribution Industry e.g. Argos, Stafford
Profit Reinvested
Employment Structure label and explain. The first chunk is primary, the second secondary and the last tertiary.
Profit or Loss
Uganda
Can you interpret a Triangular Graph?
UK
C Dunne 2005
HighHigh-Tech Industries
Bracknell Computer Development

Why have they located here? (Where is it exactly?) The following may give you a few clues but make sure you have re-read the case study. reThese may be described as footloose because they are not really restricted by the location factors of raw materials e.g. pc factories Tend to opt for locations near major route ways e.g. M4 / M11 corridors You must mention the roads. Also locate near university sites (Which Ones?) research facilities Would prefer sites that area aesthetically pleasing for their workers, Like what? Where?
YOU NEED TO KNOW THIS CASE STUDY!
Formal and Informal sectors

What are the differences? What characterises an informal sector job? What is the advantage of a formal sector job?
Some industries are classed as Heavy Industry e.g. Iron and steel
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
South Wales e.g. Ebbw Vale, Merthyr Tydfil Natural Advantages: Coalfields Limestone Iron ore Flat site (of Valley) River (Rhonda) cooling finished product Local settlements work force Port (gateway to the British Empire market) These areas are where industry used to be but then it moved for several reasons.
How did location factors change?

Empire countries gained independence more competition; market not as strong Coal and iron ore reserves were becoming exhausted (running out!); seams were too thin to mine or inaccessible (making it more expensive to mine) Original valley site not big enough for modern factories Coastal areas were better as they were the areas where relatively cheap imported materials were coming in There were better places in the world to make things that were cheaper Place like Britain got rid of lots of their industries to countries like Brazil.
Brazil - Fiat

What is a Trans National Company (TNC) Why did Fiat move from Italy to Brazil? Why did Fiat expand in Brazil?
Quick Quiz

Name the 4 types of industry How does this classification help when talking about the employment structure and development of a country? Briefly define/explain the term system List the important factors when considering the location of industry What is heavy industry? Which case study? Where? Why? What happened? What is a footloose industry?

Geography GCSE Edexcel Specification A Revision - Economic

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Geography GCSE Edexcel Specification A Revision - Economic

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Geography GCSE Revision

Economic World PRIMARY ACTIVITY

Processes Cultivation of crops e.g. ploughing, irrigation Rearing of animals

List examples of other primary activities.

Factors Affecting Farming

Wet Rice Farming

Location Maximo Casiendo s farm at Barangay Bay The Flora Community

Case Study: Changes affecting Farming Systems in the EU

Common Agricultural Policy

Case Study: How is Farming Changing?

Factors affecting the location of secondary industries

The Economic World SECONDARY ACTIVITIES

What other types of economic activity are there?

Processes Making the goods Process Packaging Distribution

Can you interpret a Triangular Graph?

Formal and Informal sectors

How did location factors change?

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