Presented by: Group A

Kaushik Mohapatra (U109071) Anand Bardhan (U109105) Biswajit Mahapatra (U109111) Saurabh Kumar (U109156)

Honda is headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan.

It is the world's largest manufacturer of motorcycles. It has more than 120 manufacturing units in across 30 countries for twowheelers production. Its the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year. Honda spends about 5% of its revenues into R&D

Also involved in F1 racing and other segments of the automobile industry.

Established in 20th October 1999 in Manesar (Haryana).

It is a wholly owned subsidiary of HMCL Japan. The company aims to manufacture world class scooters and motorcycles from this plant. The plant had a initial capacity of 0.1 million which was to be raised to 0.6 million by 2005.
The company in India wants to become the vehicle of change. Apart from a focus on good quality the company also wanted to keep a reasonable price.

Workforce in HMSI

1000

2000

Workers

Workforce Breakup
300 Confirmed Workers 1300

700
700

Contract Workers
Trainees

Apprentice

The trainees generally had a certificate from some or the other (ITI).

All trainees were generally taken by the company. 15% of apprentice use to get the job after the apprenticeship period was over. The company was believed to be a good paymaster. In October 2005 salaries of workers ranged from Rs 8150 for unskilled to Rs 11200 for skilled workers including Rs 2000 for house allowance. Also apart from these the workers were entitled for bonuses in the Diwali season.

Subsidized canteen facilities

Transport facilities to and from workers residences at subsidized rates

Sports club for employees use at Sukhrali village in Gurgaon with indoor games facilities Football, volleyball,TT, carom ,chess matches organized against employees of other companies 2 sets of uniforms, 1 company cap, 1 pair of shoes provided to employees every year; same uniform for all including managers

Most HMSI workers not covered by Employees State Insurance (ESI) scheme under the ESI Act, 1948 as salary had crossed maximum salary limit for coverage Such employees covered by Paramount Health care facility ; reimbursement of hospitalization expenses Worker, his/her spouse & up to 2 children covered for RS. 75,000 each; workers parents covered for Rs. 1,50,000 each. Invited workers families for celebrating foundation day; later stopped with increase in workforce size. Support through cash payments on happy and sad occasions: Rs. 2,100 at birth of a child (max. 2 children) Rs. 3,000 on workers marriage Rs. 5,000 to family on employees death; Rs. 3,000 on death of spouse/children/parent.

Aligned with philosophy of parent company: HMCL though considered itself unique with some distinct employment & production practices. HMSIs philosophy had 2 fundamental beliefs: Respect for individual differences- initiative, equality & trust The Three joys joy of buying, joy of selling , joy of manufacturing Employees were called associates association promoted among all employees through similar uniforms and same canteen facilities for all. Induction programme involved acclimatizing employees to the Honda philosophy HR department expected to The Honda Way: human behaviour or way of thinking based on Honda philosophy.

E.g.: Perseverance to ensure safety & quality in all aspects

Organize training programs for: Internalization of culture building and Honda philosophy Training for building team leaders TQM training; ISO 9000 training; 5S training Training dept. Supposed to be headed by an assistant manager; position lying vacant for a long time.

Performance Appraisal System for all employees including workers:

Interview by section head and shift in-charge;

PA done on a rating scale; workers divided into 5 grades

Increment Rs. 400 to Rs. 1400 p.m. depending on workers grade All PA results and salary hikes announced immediately at the end of financial year

Promotion opportunity for worker:

Worker -> sub-leader -> assistant executive -> executive No one covered by Payment of Bonus Act, 1961 because of high salaries: Company gave an ex gratia of one months gross pay as incentive around Diwali No scope for workers expression through any letter to the editor.

Works Committee (WC) constituted under Industrial Disputes Act (IDA), 1947 on 1st April, 2004 consisting of 15 workers and 5 managerial representatives Other committees: Canteen committee, transport committee, health committee, and sports committee. Management nominated workers for the communities based on perceived interest. 6-paged, quarterly newsletter: Dream Team Focussed on covering companys achievements in terms of awards, contracts, recognitions, quality certifications, list of new dealers and kaizen activities Very few employee related matters covered like sports competition results and news about marriages and childbirth related to employees No scope for workers expression through any letter to the editor.

Diwali Gift Issue

Apr 1 : Increment in Compensatio n Package; No Union Formation

May 26 : Conciliation DLC Intervention

June July : 6 Conciliation Meetings

July 30 : Truce between Mgmt & Workmen July 27 : Enquiry ordered by Haryana CM

Nov 2004

Dec 2004

Jan 2005

Feb 2005

Mar 2005
Apr - May : Efforts for forming Union; Gherao of Mgmt; Go-Slow

Apr 2005

May 2005

June 2005

July 2005

Aug 2005
Aug 1 : Back to Work

Dec04 Mar05: Negotiations between Workmen & Management

July 19 : DLC sends the Conciliation Report July 25 : Another Jallianwala sort of brute treatment of the Honda Workmen

1st sight for need of Unionization : Stringent Company rules e.g.:- movement sheet, leave policy Fear of Managements Authority Idiosyncratic attitude of VP-Manufacturing (Japanese) Charter consisting of more than 50 demands Help from local union leaders

The Whole Issue was covered by Media and the atrocities by the Police was highlighted and the incident was termed as Another Jallianwala Bagh. The act of Police was compared to that of General Dyers.

Police beating HONDA Workers Dt. 25th July 2005

Clash between Police & HONDA Workers Dt. 25th July 2005

Workers meet Sonia Gandhi against alleged highhandedness of Honda management and the police

Workers resuming duty from Aug 1, 2005 No new demands during the next 1 year
Trade Union would continue to operate Reinstatement of 50 suspended workers & 4 Union leaders Right to conduct an enquiry into the case of 4 terminated employees Termination of any convicted employee (in court) No Work No Pay Principle to be implemented from June 27, 2005 Proper test to decide on the absorption of the trainees To be considered as Final Conciliation

Management:
Change in management attitude felt by union leaders; concessions allowed on various fronts Freedom of not working on shop floor for union leaders to take care of pending IR issues A small room allotted to union leaders with a promise of a union office in future Invitation to all 7 union office-bearers to discuss workers-related problems or issues Overtime working issues: lure of extra money; medical problems, workers not fresh overtime working was scraped in most cases

Management:
Practice of inviting workers family on founders' day revived family members invited to factory on company expenses in batches Diwali gift: Rs. 2000 & credit in bank account of Rs. 4000 as incentive bonus for all including managerial staff 09/09/2010: 'A shift' in assembly achieved its target of 1000 scooters for the first time after union formation. VP- Manufacturing, GM- Productions came to shop floor & commended achievement of workers; sweet distributed to all workers next day.

Union:

Police case against 63 workers including all 7 union leaders - contact different people to make sound defence Got all the trainees absorbed in regular work Ensured no domestic enquiry proceedings or transfer for the 4 dismissed workers Union leaders monitored worker-supervisor relations to ensure workers were treated better than before: number of memos to workers negligible far more positive managers' response towards leave applications 4 days' leave for Diwali => 4 days factory closed ; 3 day's compensatory work on Sundays/holidays hike in coverage of workers & their family members under medical insurance scheme :

family floater coverage scheme of Rs.175,000; one or more or all

Union:
Joined the nation-wide industrial strike against Central Govt's economic policies on 29/09; compensated loss by working on Sunday

On the Flip side:

02/09/2005: Authoritative and provocative behaviour of 2 supervisors and a senior manager A Union office bearer's views: company claims of respect for individuals & the 3 joys : merely bookish concepts Some senior managers creating distance between top management & workers HR manager prevents the union from meeting Japanese top management fearing exposure of their ulterior designs and motives

Only 20% managers treat union leaders as members of the company; rest have ego issues
No one bothered about analyzing the causes and possible solutions of shop floor problems in a practical & acceptable manner

Mgmt.s approach to practicing a non-union model made them blind to reality DID NOT LISTEN TO WORKERS Workers viewed Mgmt activity as coercive and repressive

Incompetent people mgt. by Indian Middle managersIndifference

Indian mgmt. blocking direct access to top company executive

The 3 joys of HONDA were used as a means of control

Issues in cross-cultural management

Failure of mgt. to realize importance of Diwali in Indian IR

Tokenism of conciliation in resolving collective issues

Complacency on the part of Indian mgrs. about labour power

The most effective functioning of the organization was achieved through the traditional principles of direction and control

The traditional managerial beliefs and practices concerning HRM resulted in structural contradictions between the hierarchical nature of managerial direction and control and the need for integration, consensus, and commitment

Management distinguished between market relations (wages, service conditions, etc.) and managerial relations (direction, surveillance, and discipline) and advocate a say for employees and trade unions in the former but not the latter (Fox 1966)

Honda lacked participation and grievance redressal which are the most critical determinants of organizational climate in India (B.R. Sharma, 1986)

Honda should have integrated HRM into the organizations mainstream with
Proper representation on all major decision-making forums/bodies;

Clear definition of corporate philosophy and objectives;

Strategic linkage between the goals of HRM and the organization; and Appropriate accountability for HRM-related matters in the role of all While Honda moved to restore balance in the relative power position managers

between the Employees & the Management, upsetting the existing equilibrium per se had far-reaching consequences that were not easy to predict

Unitary
HONDA
Authoritarian Paternalism

Pluralistic
HONDA
Cooperation Conflict

Marxist
HONDA
Evolution Revolution

Approaches to IR Input
Conflict differences

Conversion
Institutions & processes

Output
Regulation (rules)

Systems HRM Labour market

Social action

Control over labour process

Comparative

Wider approaches

Management

Union

Government

The three parties to Dispute

Ideal Role

Evolve policies and systems

To control workers and the unions

To elicit commitment from the workers and their unions in order to facilitate the strategic, functional and operational interests of the Firm

Actual Role

Loopholes in implementing the policies was observed

They could not check the growth of unionism

Lack of farsightedness

Ideal Role

Protect and promote workers interests

Protect and promote interests of workers organizations & affiliates through cooperation strategies where feasible

Actual Role

It was not able to highlight the problems of the workers through the proper channel It was unable to check the actions of its union members resulting to major trouble It had a rigid stance and was nonnegotiable

Ideal Role

Evolve policies and instruments to regulate the employeremployee relationship

Manage the contradiction which arise in this relationship Strive for goal congruence between the employer, employees and Society

Actual Role

It was late in realizing the gravity of the problem

Its role as a negotiator was in doubt

Delay in getting both parties to negotiate

Power - protect/support through strength in association - a countervailing force, pressure group. Note: bargaining leverage & member willingness to act together. Economic regulation - maximize member returns within wage-work framework. Note: political nature of TU wage policy - comparability & differentials. Inflation & unemployment (cost-push & demand pull). Win bigger slice of national income. Job regulation - establish a joint-rule making system to protect members from arbitrary management action . Enable participation in decisions affecting their employment. Expand job opportunities? Social change - express social cohesion, aspirations, political ideology & develop a society which reflects this? Institutionalize class & conflict? Dilemma of participating in government. Member services - provide benefits/services to members Self-fulfillment - assist individuals to develop outside their job domain & participate in wider decision-making processes

HONDA Manufacturing Plant, Manesar

India is governed by a Constitution that foresaw a welfare state and espouses the values of trade unionism and social justice

Welfare state: Efficient

Government as facilitator

Export-oriented production (SEZs)

Changed labour policies of states

Multilateral IR: consumer/public/gender issues New issues: Customer Creation/sustenance

Protecting environment Gender issues Safety promotion Child labour abolition Medias role in new issues

Source: The Conference Board of Canada.

Figure 16.6

Emphasis on Performance related Pay

Flat organization --Flexible pay

Cost saving: a big concern

Competencies development

Knowledge pay in high-tech. industries

Changed Thinking of State

Changed Govt. thinking

--July 1991 Economic Policy

--2nd NCL: July 2002 Rationalize Labour Law Social justice to market & trickle down --Vigorous attack on welfare state ideology

New Trends in India : IR Practices rooted in HR Strategy

Identify & enforce behavior

Strive for Competitive advantage

Focus on new interventions

HRM & IR merged to produce positive energy

HR strategy is the single most important Consultancy Area

Leadership matters Competent HR department is key Well crafted and communicated Mission and Vision Maintain channels of communication

HR Strategy must align with and support business

Listen to Employee concerns and issues for Organizational Justice Use HR Interventions (BOTH HARD AND SOFT) as tools for success
(welfare plans, empowerment, reward and recognition, etc.)

Keep cross - cultural issues in view

Establish a sense of urgency

Recruit and Retain Talent - right person In right job at the right time

Be clear about performance and results let them drive success

Create short term wins (reward and recognition)

The HRM-IR-HRD interface integration should be such that it should move away from the principle of direction and control to a system based on the philosophy of consent and commitment Being sensitive to human needs & human problems at work & beyond work

Evolving a value system based on trust, transparency, fairness, & equity

Institutionalizing openness in subordinate-superior relationships Dealing with employee grievances promptly & explaining the logic & rationale of decisions to convince the aggrieved Providing exposure & understanding to line managers on HRM aspects to handle the day-to-day HRM activities & issues/problems Sharing information & consulting for shared understanding & co-operation Reviewing HR/IR policies & practices from time to time

THANK YOU!!!