Defined

as a material which is applied to a surface as a fluid and which forms, by chemical and/or physical processes, a solid continuous film bonded to the surface.

Pigments Non-Volatile Vehicles (Binders) Volatile Vehicles (Solvents) Additives

Pigments are included in coatings to perform any of the following functions: ! Add colour ! Adjust the flow properties of wet coatings ! Resist light, heat, moisture, chemicals ! Inhibit corrosion ! Reflect light for opacity or hiding ! Contribute mechanical strength

The binder or resin portion (polyurethane, epoxy, etc.) of the coating is the "glue" that holds the coating together and onto the substrate.

The physical properties of the coating are mainly derived from the physical properties of the solid resin, but pigments and additives can affect the final properties.

A solvent is used to dissolve the resins and additives in order to reduce the viscosity of the mixture to provide application consistency . And allow the paint to flow out properly. In every case, it is designed to evaporate from the film during or after application.

Additives make up only a small proportion of any paint. Yet without these chemicals the paint could not deliver all of its potential performance.

Zinc-Rich Primers Epoxy Acrylics Polyurethane Alkyds

Intumescent Paint Hot-Dip Galvanizing

Inorganic zinc coatings

Powdered metallic zinc mixed into a reactive silicate solution Organic zinc-rich primers The binders of which are based on organic or carbon-based compounds.(phonoxies, catalyzed epoxies, urethanes, chlorinated rubbers, vinyls).

Epoxy binders are available in three types: epoxy ester; epoxy lacquer resin; and two-

component epoxy.

The two-component epoxies are most commonly used for painting structural steel The epoxy is generally combined with either of two types of hardeners (polyamine or polyamide) to form epoxy-polyamine and

epoxy-polyamide.

Acrylics can be supplied as solvent- or waterbased coatings with varying performance characteristics. Exhibit good color and gloss retention, are single package, relatively low in cost and easy to apply. Solvent and chemical resistance, however, is lacking. They are best for interior, noncorrosive environments.

Moisture-cure polyurethane Two-component polyurethane

Reacts with air moisture to cure. They produce the hardest, toughest coatings available in one package, and are increasingly popular due to the wide range of application

! Can be applied to cold damp surfaces ! Can be applied at temperatures below freezing ! No dew point restriction ! Year round application season ! Excellent recoatability ! Single component

Polyurethanes can also be reacted with products such as polyols, polyethers, polyesters or acrylics to produce extremely hard, resistant durable coatings.

These are commonly used as topcoats

Alkyds are available in both water dispersion and solvent-based formulations. Alkyd-oil vehicles can be formulated in flat and semi-gloss finishes over a wide compositional range. Generally, alkyds have poor color and retention properties and tend to chalk when exposed to sunlight. Their primary advantage is low cost.

Intumescent paints are examples of special purpose coating systems. They can provide fire ratings for exposed steel for up to three hours

Hot-dip galvanizing is a process in which a steel article is cleaned in acid (pickled) and then immersed in molten zinc that is heated to approximately 850 Fahrenheit. This results in formation of a zinc and a zinciron alloy coating that is metallurgically bonded to the steel. The galvanized member is then cooled in air or quenched in water. .

The zinc coating acts as a barrier that separates the steel from the environmental conditions that can cause corrosion

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