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For a particular application we begin with the problem scenario and data, then: 1) Define the decision variables 2) Formulate the LP model using the decision variables
Write the objective function equation Write each of the constraint equations
Resource Data
Yards available Cost per yard per month $20 1,000 $6 $9 2,000 1,250
Product Data
Type of Tie Silk Selling Price
(per tie)
Polyester Blend 1 Blend 2 $3.55 10,000 14,000 0.08 $4.31 13,000 16,000 0.10 $4.81 6,000 8,500 0.10
Decision Variables
S = number of silk ties to make per month P = number of polyester ties to make per month B1 = number of poly-cotton blend 1 ties to make per month B2 = number of poly-cotton blend 2 ties to make per month
Material Limitations (in yards) 0.125S 0.05B1 + 0.07B2 < 1,000 (silk) < 1,250 (cotton) 0.08P + 0.05B1 + 0.03B2 < 2,000 (poly)
Min and Max Number of Ties to Make 6,000 < S < 7,000 10,000 < P < 14,000 13,000 < B1 < 16,000 6,000 < B2 < 8,500 Finally nonnegativity S, P, B1, B2 > 0
Go to file 3-1.xls
Data
Advertising Options Radio TV Spot Newspaper
(prime time)
Radio
(afternoon)
Audience Reached (per ad) Cost (per ad) Max Ads Per week
5,000
8,500
2,400
2,800
$800 12
$925 5
$290 25
$380 20
Other Restrictions Have at least 5 radio spots per week Spend no more than $1800 on radio Decision Variables T = number of TV spots per week N = number of newspaper ads per week P = number of prime time radio spots per week A = number of afternoon radio spots per week
Objective Function (in num. audience reached) Max 5000T + 8500N + 2400P + 2800A
Subject to the constraints:
Budget is $8000 800T + 925N + 290P + 380A < 8000 At Least 5 Radio Spots per Week P+A>5
No More Than $1800 per Week for Radio 290P + 380A < 1800
Max Number of Ads per Week
T < 12 N< 5
Finally nonnegativity
P < 25 A < 20
T, N, P, A > 0
Go to file 3-3.xls
Data
Investment Trade credits Corp. bonds Gold stocks Platinum stocks Mortgage securities Construction loans Interest Rate 7% 10% 19% 12% 8% 14% Risk Score 1.7 1.2 3.7 2.4 2.0 2.9
Constraints
Invest up to $ 5 million No more than 25% into any one investment At least 30% into precious metals At least 45% into trade credits and corporate bonds Limit overall risk to no more than 2.0
Decision Variables
T = $ invested in trade credit B = $ invested in corporate bonds G = $ invested gold stocks P = $ invested in platinum stocks M = $ invested in mortgage securities C = $ invested in construction loans
Objective Function (in $ of interest earned) Max 0.07T + 0.10B + 0.19G + 0.12P + 0.08M + 0.14C
Subject to the constraints:
No More Than 25% Into Any One Investment T < 0.25 (T + B + G + P + M + C) B < 0.25 (T + B + G + P + M + C) G < 0.25 (T + B + G + P + M + C) P < 0.25 (T + B + G + P + M + C) M < 0.25 (T + B + G + P + M + C) C < 0.25 (T + B + G + P + M + C)
At Least 30% Into Precious Metals G + P > 0.30 (T + B + G + P + M + C) At Least 45% Into Trade Credits And Corporate Bonds T + B > 0.45 (T + B + G + P + M + C)
Decision: How many tellers should begin work at various times of the day? Objective: Minimize personnel cost
Full Time Tellers Work from 9 AM 5 PM Take a 1 hour lunch break, half at 11, the other half at noon Cost $90 per day (salary & benefits) Currently only 12 are available
Part Time Tellers Work 4 consecutive hours (no lunch break) Can begin work at 9, 10, 11, noon, or 1 Are paid $7 per hour ($28 per day) Part time teller hours cannot exceed 50% of the days minimum requirement (50% of 112 hours = 56 hours)
Decision Variables F = num. of full time tellers (all work 95) P1 = num. of part time tellers who work 91 P2 = num. of part time tellers who work 102 P3 = num. of part time tellers who work 113 P4 = num. of part time tellers who work 124 P5 = num. of part time tellers who work 15
Only 12 Full Time Tellers Available F < 12 finally nonnegativity: F, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 > 0
Go to file 3-6.xls
Data
Item 1
Pounds
2
4500 $3.20 0.064
3
3000 $3.45 0.144
4
3500 $4.15 0.448
5
4000 $3.25 0.048
6
3500 $2.75 0.018
Value $15,500 $14,400 $10,350 $14,525 $13,000 $9,625 5000 $3.10 0.125 $ / lb Cu. ft. per lb
Decision Variables
Wi = number of pounds of item i to load onto truck, (where i = 1,,6) Truck Capacity 15,000 pounds 1,300 cubic feet
Objective Function (in $ of load value) Max 3.10W1 + 3.20W2 + 3.45W3 + 4.15W4 + 3.25W5 + 2.75W6
Subject to the constraints:
Volume Limit Of 1300 Cubic Feet 0.125W1 + 0.064W2 + 0.144W3 + 0.448W4 + 0.048W5 + 0.018W6 < 1300 Pounds of Each Item Available W1 < 5000 W4 < 3500 W2 < 4500 W5 < 4000 W6 < 3500 W3 < 3000
Finally nonnegativity: Wi > 0, i=1,,6
Go to file 3-7.xls
$ per pound Protein per pound Riboflavin per pound Phosphorus per pound Magnesium per pound
Grain B
Decision Variables
A = pounds of grain A to use B = pounds of grain B to use C = pounds of grain C to use
Minimum Nutritional Requirements 22A + 28B + 21C > 3 16A + 14B + 25C > 2 8A + 7B + 9C > 1 5A (protein) (riboflavin) (phosphorus)
Decision Variables
PAt = number of motor A to produce in month t (t=1,,4) PBt = number of motor B to produce in month t (t=1,,4) IAt = inventory of motor A at end of month t (t=1,,4) IBt = inventory of motor B at end of month t (t=1,,4)
1000 1400
Production Data
Motor (values are per motor) A B Production cost Labor hours $10 1.3 $6 0.9
Production costs will be 10% higher in months 3 and 4 Monthly labor hours most be between 2240 and 2560
Inventory Data
Motor A B Inventory cost $0.18 $0.13 (per motor per month) Beginning inventory 0 0 (beginning of month 1) Ending Inventory 450 300 (end of month 4)
Objective Function (in $ of cost) Min 10PA1 + 10PA2 + 11PA3 + 11PA4 + 6PB1 + 6 PB2 + 6.6PB3 + 6.6PB4 + 0.18(IA1 + IA2 + IA3 + IA4) + 0.13(IB1 + IB2 + IB3 + IB4)
Subject to the constraints: (see next slide)
Production & Inventory Balance 0 + PA1 800 = IA1 (month 1) 0 + PB1 1000 = IB1 IA1 + PA2 700 = IA2 (month 2) IB1 + PB2 1200 = IB2 IA2 + PA3 1000 = IA3 (month 3) IB2 + PB3 1400 = IB3 IA3 + PA4 1100 = IA4 (month 4) IB3 + PB4 1400 = IB4
Ending Inventory IA4 = 450 IB4 = 300 Maximum Inventory level IA1 + IB1 < 3300 (month 1) (month 2) IA2 + IB2 < 3300 (month 3) IA3 + IB3 < 3300 IA4 + IB4 < 3300 (month 4)
Range of Labor Hours 2240 < 1.3PA1 + 0.9PB1 < 2560 1) 2240 < 1.3PA2 + 0.9PB2 < 2560 2) 2240 < 1.3PA3 + 0.9PB3 < 2560 3) 2240 < 1.3PA4 + 0.9PB4 < 2560 4) (month (month (month (month