Environmental Management System Scope of Environmental Management Role & key functions of government as a planning , organizing & controlling

agency

Environmental protection and sustainable use of resources received serious attention from various committees of the Government and Planning Commission in India during 1970 s 1. In 1974 Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB ) came into existence 2. In 1980 Separate department of environment was formed with the Objective :- to promote & co-ordinate programmes for environment protection and related issues . 3. In 1985 Separate Ministry of Environment and Forests ( MEF ) was formed

Ministry of Environment and Forests ( MEF ) Objective :- formulating policies and their implementation . MEF is responsible for protection , conservation and development of environment . MEF works in close cooperation with other Ministries , State Governments , Central Pollution Control Board,

State Pollution Control Boards and a number of scientific & technical institutions , universities and non governmental agencies ( NGOs ) CPCB came under preview of MEF as statuary authority State Governments constituted their own Environment Ministries / Departments and State Pollution Control Boards ( SPCBs )

ROLE & KEY FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT ASGENCIES MEF countrys apex body for issues relating to environment State Departments of Environment and State Pollution Boards are designated agencies to perform their respective functions including implementation of acts , rules and regulations Summary of key functions of various Government Agencies given below:-

Name of the Agency- Ministry of Environment Key Functions 1. Environment Policy Planning 2. Ensuring effective implementation of legislation 3. Monitoring & Control of Pollution 4. Eco-Development 5. Environmental Clearances for Industrial and Development Projects 6. Environmental Research 7. Promotion of the Environmental Education , Training & Awareness 8. Coordination with concerned agencies at the national and international levels 9. Forest Conservation , Development and Wildlife Protection 10.Biosphere Reserve Programme

Name of the Agency- Central Pollution Control Key Functions 1. Advise Central Government Policy Planning 2. Coordinate and provide technical and research assistance to State Boards 3. Information dissemination , training and Awareness of environmental issues 4. Lay down , modify or annul the standards for a stream or well and for air quality 5. Planning & execution of nation wide programmes for the prevention , control or abatement of Water and Air Pollution 6. Ensure compliance with provisions of various Environment ( Protection ) Acts and regulations

Name of the Agency- State Pollution Control Boards Key Functions 1.Planning & execution of state wide programmes for the prevention , control or abatement of Water and Air Pollution 2.Advise the State Government on prevention , control and abatement of Water and Air Pollution and siting of industries 3.Information dissemination , training and Awareness of environmental issues 4. Ensure compliance with provisions of relevant Acts 5..Lay down , modify or annul the standards for a stream or well and for air quality 6.Ensure legal action against defaulters 7.Evolve techno-economic methods for treatment , disposal and utilization of the effluent

Procedure for establishing & operating an industry in accordance with regulations for environment protection and pollution prevention & control : (Industries are divided in four categories )

1. If the product is reserved for SSI and investment is less than 1 crore than environmental clearance is not required 2.For projects under Category I , area specific notification is required 3.For projects under Category II , site clearance is required from MEF . After site clearance , environmental clearance is required by submitting proposal to IAA ( Impact Assessment Agency ) of MEF . If site clearance is not granted , another site can be selected and submitted again for site clearance.

4.for projects under Category II & IV , environmental clearance is required by submitting proposal to IAA ( Impact Assessment Agency ) of MEF . 5.If there are deficiencies in the proposal , IAA may ask industry to resubmit proposal or may reject the proposal 6.If public hearing is required , it has to be arranged 7. IAA may recommend the clearance after its expert committee has given its clearance

8. If the proposal is accepted by IAA following permissions are required : i. obtain consent to establish for discharge of effluents / emissions prior to establish the industry as provided under Water / Air Acts or other relevant acts. ii. obtain consent to operate for discharge of effluents / emissions prior to commencement of operations.

iii. Obtain Authorization for Handling of Hazardous wastes prior to handling of hazardous wastes. iv. obtain site clearance for specified industrial activities involving handling of hazardous chemicals prior to commencing industrial activity . v.submit Safety Report for specified industrial activities involving handling of hazardous chemicals prior to commencing industrial activity .

Categories Category - I
Project type Ports , Harbours , Airports , Tourism , Projects between 200 500 metres of High Tide Line , Mining Projects Areas Doon Valley , Coastal Regulation Zone , Dahanu Taluka Maharashtra

Category II Mining more than 5 hectares pithead thermal power stations hydropower , major irrigation projects and / or their combination including flod control involving more than 50 crores ports and harbours ( excluding minor ports more than 50 crores ) exploration of minerals ( more than 500 hectares )

Category III Nuclear Power and related projects such as heavy water plants , nuclear fuel complex , rare earths Airports Petroleum refineries including crude and product pipelines Chemical fertilizers ( nitrogenous and phosphatic , other than superphosphates) Petrochemical complexes

exploration of oil and gas and their production ,transportation & storage synthetic rubber Hydrocyanic acid and its derivatives (a.) Primary metallurgical Industries ( such as Production of iron & steel , aluminium , copper , zinc , lead and ferro alloys ) (b) Electric arc furnaces (mini steel plants )

Chlor-alkali industries Viscose staple fibre and filament yarn Storage batteries integrated with manufacture of oxides of led and antimony alloy Thermal power plants Pulp , paper and newsprint Cement

Category - IV Pesticides (technical ) Bulk drugs and pharmaceuticals Asbestos and asbestos products Integrated paint complex including resins and basic raw materials required in the manufacture of paints Tourism projects Highway projects

Tarred roads in himalayas and / or forest areas Distilleries Raw skins and hides Dyes

Consent to Establishing for Discharging of Effluents Under the Water Act 1974 If proposed industrial unit ( operation , process or any treatment & disposal system ) is likely to discharge sewage or trade effluents into a stream , sewer or land , it is required to obtain Consent to Establish for discharge of Effluents by submitting an application to concerned State Pollution Control Board in the prescribed form along with prescribed fee.

Trade effluents include any liquid , gaseous or solid substance which is discharged from any premises used for carrying on an industry , operation or process or treatment and disposal system other than domestic sewage

Consent to Establish for Emission Under the Air Act 1981 If proposed industrial unit ( operation or process ) is located in air pollution control area declared by the concerned State Government , and is likely to emit any air pollutants in the atmosphere , it is required to obtain Consent to Establish for Emission under the Air Act 1981 ( amended in 1987 )by submitting an application to concerned State Pollution Control Board in the prescribed form along with prescribed fee.

Air Pollution Control Area Specific locations in the State have been declared as air pollution control areas under Air Act 1981 . Consent to Establish is required for these areas only Consent to Establish Water and Air Acts are obligatory after amendments in 1988 & 1987 respectively & NOC ( no objection certificate ) will not do. However , in some states where amendment still not notified NOC is required for Siting

Selection of right location for an industrial unit no forest land should be covered for nonforest activity for the sustenance of an industry ( as per Forest Act , 1980 )distilleries No prime agricultural land shall be converted into an industrial unit within the acquired site , industry unit must be located at lowest elevation to remain hidden from general vision

Land acquired shall be sufficiently large to provide space for appropriate treatment of waste water after maximizing possible reuse & recycling Reclaimed waster water to be used for green belt ( km wide ) , water body for aesthetics , recreation ,aquaculture etc .Green belt for odour giving industry to be 1 km wide.

The green belt between two adjoining large scale industries , shall be a kilometer wide Enough space for solid waste for possible reuse. Layout & form of industry coming up to conform to landscape of the area without affecting the scenic features of that place

Associated township of the industry must be created at a place having some distance between industry & township Each industry to maintain three ambient air quality measuring stations with 120 degrees angle between the stations

Environmental Compliance Status in India Over 3 million SSIs accounting for 40 % of the industrial output but share in pollution much higher Common Effluent Treatment Plant ( CETP ) for clusters of SSIs Policy Statement for Abatement of Pollution ( 1992 ) has following tenets :

Pollution prevention at source Encouragement , development and application of best available practical technical solutions Recognition of pollutor pays principle Focus on heavily polluted areas

Following categories required to obtain environmental clearance , prior to establishing an industrial unit

i.New projects A. investment > 50 crores Nuclear Power Plants and related projects , heavy water plant , nuclear fuel complex , rare earths river water projects including hydel power , major irrigation projects & combinations Airports , harbours , ports ( except minor ports & harbours ) Petroleum refineries including crude and product pipelines

Chemical fertilizers ( nitrogenous and phosphatic , other than superphosphates) Petrochemical complexes (both Olefinic & Aromatic ) exploration of oil and gas and their production ,transportation & storage synthetic rubber Hydrocyanic acid and its derivatives Primary metallurgical Industries ( such as Production of iron & steel , aluminium , copper , zinc , lead and ferro alloys )

Electric arc furnaces ( mini steel plants ) Chlor-alkali Industries Viscose staple fibre and filament yarn storage batteries integrated with manufacture of oxides of led and antimony alloy Thermal power plants pulp , paper and newsprint cement

B. irrespective of the investment Pesticides Bulk drugs and pharmaceuticals Asbestos and asbestos products Mining more than 5 hectares Tourism projects between 200 500 metres of high tide line and at locations > 1000 metres with investment of . 5 crores

Highway projects Tarred roads in himalayas and / or forest areas Distilleries Raw skins and hides Dyes Foundaries Electroplating

ii.Expansion & modernisation Require environmental clearance , if pollution load is expected to be higher than present level For exemption SPCB would certify no increase in pollution level

Following categories required to obtain Site clearance from MEF : Mining more than 5 hectares pithead thermal power stations hydropower , major irrigation projects and / or their combination including flod control involving more than 50 crores ports and harbours ( excluding minor ports more than 50 crores ) exploration of minerals ( more than 500 hectares )

For obtaining Environmental clearance , apply to MEF with : application form filled in NOC from State Pollution Control Board Summary Project Report Environmental Impact Assessment ( EIA ) / Environmental Management Plan ( 20 copies ) prepared as per guidelines of MEF

risk Analysis Report ( 20 copies ) , if required by Impact Assessment Agency Comprehensive resettlement plan if more than 1000 people affected commitment regarding availability of water & electricity from competent authorities exploration of minerals ( more than 500 hectares )

procedure for project evaluation a. IAA(Impact Assessment Agency ) in MEF ( Ministry of Environment & Forests , in consultation with a Committee of Experts of a specific composition , shall evaluate the requisite documents , and convey decision in 4 months , if decision not conveyed in 4 months , proposal deemed to have been granted as environmental clearance unconditionally

b. IAA upon evaluation would specify within 30 days insufficiency or inadequacy project will be reviewed as and when submitted alongwith requisite data if inadequate data is submitted second time , project rejected summarily c. IAA may also recommend need for public hearing within 30 days , publish in at least 2 newspaper with one months notice

after obtaining consent to establish and then environmental clearance , project authorities can begin work for setting up of the project half-yearly compliance report to be submitted indicating effective implementation of recommendations & conditions imposed while giving Environmental Clearance

procedure for Operating an Industrial Unit prior to commencement of production , following clearances are required from SPCB ( State Pollution Control Board ) : 1.Consent to Operate for Discharging of Effluents Under the Water Act 1974 2.Consent to Operate for Emission Under the Air Act 1981 3.Authorization for Handling of Hazardous Waste Under the Hazardous Waste ( Management & handling rules - if industrial unit is likely to generate hazardous waste

sectors which require both Environmental clearance from Ministry of environment and forests and industrial license from the department of Industrial Development are :Coal Lignite ,( mining ) Petrochemical complex Distilleries asbestos and asbestos products raw skins and hides paper and newsprint hydrocynapic acid and its derivatives hydroxide ( caustic soda )

procedural requirements while the unit is in operation apply to the SPCB for renewal of Concent to Operate for discharge of effluents before the expiry of specified time apply to the SPCB for renewal of Concent to Operate for emissions before the expiry of specified time submit to SPCB Water cess return at specified intervals apply to the SPCB for renewal of Authorization for handling of Hazardous Wastes before the expiry of specified time

submit to SPCB Environmental Statement every year before 30 th September , for the previous financial year. Comply with the consent / authorization conditions as specified Comply with the prescribed effluent / emission standards Ensure proper handling of hazardous wastes Ensure packaging , labeling and transportation hazardous wastes in accordance with the provision of Motor Vehicle Act , 1988

Maintain records of hazardous wastes generated at the facility in the prescribed form submit returns regarding disposal of hazardous wastes to SPCB in the prescribed form report accidents occurring while handling hazardous wastes to SPCB in the prescribed form furnish information regarding notification of accident occurred at the site or in a pipeline involving hazardous chemicals to the concerned authorities in the prescribed form

Ensure transportation of specified hazardous chemicals as per the provisions of Motor Vehicle Act , 1988 Draw insurance policies for the liability to provide relief under the Public Liability Insurance Act , 1991.

Procedure for clearance from Forest Angle Projects involving : i. Dereservation of forests Ii. Diversion of forest land , even if privately owned , for non-forest purposes Iii.Transfer of forest land by way of lease or otherwise Iv.Clearing of trees for the purpose of reforestation would require prior approval from the ministry of environment & forests

All proposals relating to diversion of forest lands up to 20 hectares and proposals for clearing of naturally growing trees for reafforestation , shall be sent to concerned regional Office of MEF , all other proposals to be sent to Secretary , MEF

Environmental Management System ( EMS)

Environment It means surroundings in which any organization or living system operates . It includes natural physical entities like air , water , land and its resources , human being , plants ( flora ) , animals ( fauna ) and their relationship Environment Aspect It means organization s activities , services and products which interact with the environment e.g. packaging process of manufacturing unit is an environmental aspect

Environment Impact 1. A change in environment , wholly or partially resulting from an organizations activities , services or products ( aspect ) is referred as Environmental Impact 2. Packaging process in itself is an aspect but wastes produced in this process is an impact 3. Usually impacts are harmful , sometimes impacts can be beneficial e.g. conservation programmes to protect wildlife

For identifying impacts , following environmental aspects must be known : 1. Emissions 2. Effluent discharge 3. Consumption or reuse of material 4. Noise

e.g aspects of plying of vehicles include a. Use of engine oil B. Emissions to air impact for a. is used oil & its disposal impact for b. is pollution of air and its control

Environmental Management System ( EMS) It is system for an organisations environmental programmes in a 1. Comprehensive , 2. Systematic , 3. Planned and 4. Documented manner . It contains :

1. Written objectives for EMS 2. Documented procedures involving processes/ procedures so that officers / employees involved in EMS follow standard procedures 3. Assigning responsibilities to employees to ensure that everyone knows who is to do what

4. Environmental Audit to know the environmental aspect and impacts of companys activities and to have EMS assessed and certified by an independent certifier to demonstrate that system conforms to relevant standard i.e. to obtain ISO 14001

Environment Policy Includes vision and core values of an organisation , compliance with legal and other requirements and commitment to environmental protection through actions like : 1. Resource / raw material utilization 2. Prevention of pollution at source 3. Reduction of wastes 4. Appropriate design and operational management 5. Minimum use of energy 6. Creating awareness and training for employees

Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Refers to review of potential impact of a project to be launched by an organization Certification Body . Includes : 1. Assessment of existing environmental status 2. Analysis of various factors of ecosystem like trees , ponds , wildlife 3. Analysis of adverse impacts of the project to be started 4. Impact on people of the neighbourhood

Certification Body Independent organization to verify companys EMS conformance to ,say , ISO 14001 system What is Environmental Audit Objective & documented verification process . It is a detailed periodic evaluation of organizations performance against set objectives :During Audit proof of following needs to be demonstrated 1. Evidence of conformity of EMS 2. Evidence of fulfilling legal / regulatory requirements 3. Provide opportunity for further improvements of EMS

Eco Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) Is an environmental audit scheme in European Union differing with ISO 14001 in : 1. auditors to provide audit report to the public 2. applies to manufacturers 3. organizations can upgrade from ISO 14001 through CEN . 4. Very few organizations have so far registered for EMAS.

ISO 9000 & ISO14000 ISO 9000 : Quality Management System Environmental Standards BS7750 British standard for Environmental Management System , influenced development of ISO14000 .in force from 1996 & withdrawn after ISO14001 was recognized by European Committee

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

2. ISO14000 enables an organization to : Formulate and define policy and objectives in this regard To formulate a plan to implement the policy and objectives To develop the capabilities and support system top achieve implementation of policy objectives To monitor & evaluate environmental performance To monitor EMS for continued improvement

ISO14000: General guidelines on principles of EMS ISO14001: Specifications & Guidance for EMS ISO14010: Guidelines for Environmental auditing General Principles of Auditing ISO14012: Guidelines for Environmental auditing Qualifications for Auditors ISO14020: Environmental Labelling ISO14040: Life Cycle Assessment

Overview of the role & responsibilities of the Industries All economic activities affect or effected by natural environmental resources Extraction Processing Manufacture Transport Consumption Final disposal of product all are related to environmental sustainability

Industrys commitment to environmental responsibility to requires: 1. Top management commitment 2. Public relations 3. Dialog and cooperation with government & regulating authorities 4. Motivating the employees

5. Waste prevention 6. Compliance with environmental requirements at present and in future . minimization of risks by way of corrective action 7. Reduction of risks 8. Emergency preparedness 9. Sensitizing of suppliers and customers

1. A responsible behaviour pattern from the part of the industrial unit involves regular review and audit of the following environmental issues : 2. Assessment , control & regulation of environmental impact 3. Resource management including water

4. Waste avoidance , recycling , reuse , transportation and disposal 5. Evaluation , control and reduction of noise 6. Prevention and limitation of environmental accidents 7. Information and training of staff on environmental issues 8. External information on environmental issues