Concealed weapon detection using digital image processing

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INDEX
Introduction Infrared imager PMW imaging sensors CWD through image fusion Image processing architecture Wavellet approaches for pre processing Automatic weapon detection Block diagram of SMP Results of SMP Shape description Mathematical analysis Conclusion References

INTRODUCTION
Here we show you the technology which predicts the suicide bombers and explosion of weapons through image processing for concealed weapon detection . What is Digital image processing? The concepts of the technology Concealed Weapon Detection the sensor improvements, how the imaging takes place and the challenges.

INFRARED IMAGER
Infrared images utilize the temperature distribution information of the target to form an image . Infrared radiation can be used to show the image of a concealed weapon only when the clothing is tight, thin, and stationary.

P M W IMAGING SENSORS
First generation:
Passive millimeter wave(MMW) sensors measure the apparent temperature through the energy that is emitted or reflected by sources.

 Second generation:
Recent advances in MMW sensor technology have led to video rate (30 frames/s) MMS cameras.

CWD THROUGH IMAGE FUSION

Figure (a) shows an image taken from a regular CCD camera . Figure (b) shows a corresponding MMW image. Figure (c) is presented human operator is able to respond with higher accuracy .

IMAGING PROCESSING ARCHITECTURE:

WAVELET APPROACHS FOR PROCESSING:

It is desirable to preprocess the images or video data to maximize their exploitation.

IMAGE DENOISING & ENHANCEMENT THROUGH WAVELETS: Many techniques have been developed to improve the
quality of MMW images in this section,we describe a technique for simultaneous noise suppression and object enhancement of passive MMW video data and show some mathematical results.

 CLUTTER FILTERING:
used to remove unwanted details. helps improve the recognition performance, either operator- assisted or automatic.

REGISTRATION OF MULTI SENSOR IMAGES:

use of multiple sensors increase the efficacy of a CWD system.. MMI states that two images are registered when their mutual information (MI) reaches its maximum value

 IMAGE DECOMPOSITION:
produce undesirable results such as a decrease in contrast. First Fusion Second Fusion

FIGURE 6: (a) and (b) are original IR images (C) is fused image

AUTOMATIC WEAPON DETECTION:

. SEGMENTATION FOR OBJECT EXTRACTION SHAPE DESCRIPTION .

SEGMENTATION FOR OBJECT EXTRACTION

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SMP
regions with distinguishable intensity levels regions with close intensity levels.

FIGURE : Block diagram of SMP

RESULTS OF SMP:

FIGURE: Original and composite images

 SHAPE DISCRIPTION:
MOMENTS: defines six shape descriptors
moments of region boundaries can be also defined.

CIRCULARITY:
C=P2 /A p is the length of the region perimeter and A is the area of the region Compactness provides a measure of contour complexity versus area enclosed.

MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS:
To evaluate the performance of each individual shape descriptor, a test is designed based on the available MMW video sequence. First, a set of 30 frames was selected from a sequence of MMW data.

Figure: (a) PD versus PFA (0).(b) for SD (8), (C) SD (1) to SD (6)

CONCLUSION:
Imaging techniques based on a combination of sensor technologies and processing will potentially play a key role in addressing the concealed weapon detection problem. we first briefly reviewed the sensor technologies being investigated for the CWD application. Recent advances in MMW sensor technology have led to video rate MMW cameras.

REFERENCES:
An Article from IEEE SIGNAL PROCESSING MAGAZINE march 2005 pp. 52-61 S. Mallet and W.L. Hwang, singularity detection and processing with wavelets, IEEE trans. Inform. Theory , vol. 38 no. 2, pp. 617-643,1992. WAVELETS Robipolikar